水空两栖飞行器动力推进系统及其关键技术研究

The water and air amphibious aircraft can fly in the sky, voyage on the sea and dive into the water. Therefore, it can better satisfy our desire to fly and in the meantime has tremendous potential applications to both the army and the civilians. However, the propulsion system has to be able to work in both the air and water environment, which poses a technical challenge in need of innovative solutions since it is beyond the reach of currently available propulsion systems. This project adopts the combination of theory analysis, analog simulation and experiments in order to explore the impact of air and water fluid behavior on the operating and component design of the propulsion system. The project aims at discovering the designing law for propulsion systems with the capability to work in both the air and water, or searching for the modulating control methods which are simple and efficient. On this basis, by using two different technical routes of seeking common ground while reserving differences, and applying the mechanical innovative methods of association and combination, this project makes innovative design for the propulsion systems of the water and air amphibious aircraft, and proposes creative resolutions and conducts deep analysis and optimization. The research focus on the various working medium cycle analysis of the water and air amphibious jet engine and the design of the amphibious impeller, combustion system and so on，and focus on the watertight seal and rocket assisted for the gas-electric hybrid propulsion system. By providing the solutions to the propulsion system, this project contributes technical support to the study and development of the water and air amphibious aircraft.

既能在空中飞行，又能在水面游弋，还能在水下潜游的水空两栖飞行器能更好的满足人类自由飞翔的向往，有极大地军民用潜力，但其动力推进系统要能适应水和空气两种不同的工作环境，已超出目前各种常规动力推进系统能力，亟待创新解决。本项目拟应用理论分析、仿真模拟和实验验证相结合的分析方法，通过深入分析水和空气不同流体特性对动力推进系统工作及部件设计的影响，揭示能兼容水和空气两种工质的动力机械设计规律及寻求简洁有效的模式转换调节手段；按照对水和空气介质特性进行"求同"、"存异"两种不同的技术分析路线，运用联想、组合等机械创新技法，对水空两栖飞行器动力推进系统进行创新设计，提出创新方案并进行优化、分析；重点开展水空两用喷射发动机变工质动力循环分析及水气两用叶轮、水气两用燃烧加热系统等设计分析和油电混合推进系统中水下密封、出水助推等关键技术研究，为水空两栖飞行器的研究发展提供动力推进系统解决方案和技术支撑。

针对水空两用飞机动力装置的需求，综合考虑发动机在空气和水两种流体工质中的可能的工作模式，对现有各种航空发动机结构方案进行集成创新，初步完成了一种具有多涵道、适应水空多工质的全对转水空两用发动机总体方案设计;开展了水空两用喷射发动机水下加能推进技术方案设计研究。水空一体两用喷射发动机的关键技术之一是要在水空不同环境下的能量加入技术，在空气中无疑是烧油是最佳的，在水中则有水反应金属化学能和电能等技术可以考虑。通过对各种水下加能技术方案进行论证分析，我们通过全对转多涵道发动机的内转子的中空结构，作为发动机在水中工作时的喷水推进涵道，由金属-水反应燃烧室产生动力，实现喷水推进。为提高推进效率，开展了水空两用叶轮结构及流体性能分析，兼顾水空工作环境进行了叶轮的初步优化；对水空两用发动机燃料供应与控制技术进行了初步研究。研究了一套能兼顾用于水空两用发动机燃油及水反应金属两种燃料供应的泵送系统，以解决多种燃料的泵送问题，减轻简化系统结构。在项目研究方案探索过程中，也拓展开展了其他飞行器混合动力方案研究。.初步研究表明：采用全对转、多涵道水空两用发动机实现水空环境下的喷射推进方案基本可行，设计方案获得国家发明专利；初步分析了水空两用发动机的基本性能，明确了影响水空两用发动机性能的主要因素是水空两用叶轮的优化设计及多燃料供应系统的共用设计，基本明确了下一步进行优化改进的方向。