异形像元面阵探测器调制传递函数建模方法及特性分析研究

Traditional CCD/CMOS photoelectric imaging detectors with uniformly distributed pixels will produce radial blur image and limit the field of view in high-speed forward motion imaging; and distortion will appear in the output image during panoramic imaging; besides they cannot make trade off between high resolution and small data amount and so on. Such disadvantages limited their applications in high speed imaging guidance, spacecraft docking and some other areas. The new photoelectric array detectors with special-shaped pixels have advantages of large field of view, high resolution and small amount of data. Hence, it can easily tackle these problems which hindered the application of the traditional photoelectric detector. This research focuses on the imaging procedure of a photoelectric array with special-shaped pixels. The pixel shape aperture function is deduced using analytic geometry method, and the general mathematical model of.sampling function is established based on the pixel distribution; and, the imaging theory system of detectors with special-shaped pixels is constructed by using two dimensional model of MTF; in addition, the characteristics of MTF is analyzed depending on cut-off frequency and the non-zero direction, respectively. The results of this research can be extended and applied to any detectors with arbitrary shaped pixels. Furthermore, the research lays a theoretical foundation for characteristics analysis in photoelectric imaging of detectors with arbitrary pixel shapes. Hence, the research lays theoretical foundation for the design, fabrication and application of new kind of photoelectric imaging device.

像元均匀分布的传统矩阵CCD/CMOS光电成像器件，在高速相向运动成像过程中，图像会产生辐射状模糊并影响有效视场；在实现全景成像时会产生畸变；它还存在不能同时兼顾高分辨率和小数据量等诸多问题，限制了在高速成像制导、航天器对接等领域中的应用。新型的异形像元光电探测器具有视场大、分辨力高和数据量小的优点，能更好地解决传统矩阵式光电探测器所面临的成像问题。本课题针对异形像元面阵光电探测器的成像过程，利用解析几何方法建立像元形状孔径函数，并根据像元分布特点分析采样函数的一般数学模型；通过建立二维调制传递函数（MTF）模型，构建异形面阵探测器成像理论体系；并从截至频率和非零方向两方面对MTF的特性进行分析。该研究成果可推广到任意形状像元的探测器，并为该类探测器的光电成像特性分析奠定理论基础，从而为新型光电成像器件的设计、制备与应用提供理论依据。

异形像元光电探测器具有视场大、分辨力高和数据量小的优点，能更好地解决传统矩阵式光电探测器所面临的成像问题。本课题利用解析几何方法建立了像元形状孔径函数，并根据像元分布特点建立的了采样函数的一般数学模型；通过建立二维调制传递函数（MTF）模型，构建了梯形、六边形和正五边形等异形像元面阵探测器成像理论体系；并从截至频率和非零方向两方面对MTF的特性进行分析。此外，提出了两种图像质量评价方法，分别用于在相向运动成像过程和视频传输过程中最佳像元形状的选型依据。该研究成果可推广到任意形状像元的探测器，并为该类探测器的光电成像特性分析奠定理论基础，从而为新型光电成像器件的设计、制备与应用提供理论依据。