多渠道供应链中竞争企业合作机制的时机，程度及动因研究

In modern multi-channel supply chain, the cooperation between competitors is a common phenomenon in real business nowadays. However, the timing, level, internal reasons of cooperation, and how competition and cooperation jointly affect firms’ operational decisions as well as the supply chain performances are not very clear to the managers and not well-studied in existing literature either. Our research focuses on various cooperation behaviors within competition relations between firms, such as cooperative purchasing, inventory sharing and horizontal subcontracting. We attempts to undercover the role of strategic considerations on different cooperation behaviors between competitors. Specifically, in this project, we try to investigate several research issues 1) the roles of responsive and proactive inventory sharing mechanisms; 2) the impacts of cooperative purchasing and inventory sharing in multi-channel distribution network; 3) how to source from rivals through horizontal subcontracts. This project is originated from the interesting phenomena of competitors’ cooperation, which can be widely observed in real life, and will enrich the literature on multi-channel supply chain management. Interesting preliminary results have been obtained and there is great potential in the future to contribute to literature by exploring those competition and cooperation issues. We expect this project will generate managerial insights to help mid-and-high level managers to understand the interplay between competition and cooperation and to adopt different operational strategies in a better way to improve the supply chain perfornances.

在现代多渠道供应链中，相互竞争的企业间开展合作已变成常见的商业现象。然而管理者对多样合作机制的时机、程度、动因，以及竞争与合作并存的环境如何影响企业运营决策的理解并非十分清晰，这些问题在现有文献中也较少被系统研究。本项目将重点着眼于联合采购、库存共享、横向子合同等现有竞争企业间的合作机制设立三个子课题：1)反应式库存共享与前瞻式库存共享机制分析研究；2)联合采购与库存共享比较研究；3) 竞争企业对横向子合同的偏好研究。分析多渠道供应链中竞争企业间多样合作机制的时机、程度和动因，并讨论其对于企业运营及整个供应链绩效的影响。项目根源于实际商业管理中广泛存在的竞争企业之间的合作机制，是对传统多渠道供应链研究的创新性拓展。项目成员有良好的研究基础，已经获得高质量的前期研究成果。项目将对管理者如何在竞争与合作并存的环境中做出合理的运营决策提供重要的理论指导，并对提升供应链绩效产生积极影响。

本项目重点着眼于联合采购、库存共享、横向子合同等现有竞争企业间的合作机制设立三个子课题：1)反应式库存共享与前瞻式库存共享机制分析研究；2)联合采购与库存共享比较研究；3) 竞争企业对横向子合同的偏好研究。分析多渠道供应链中竞争企业间多样合作机制的时机、程度和动因，并讨论其对于企业运营及整个供应链绩效的影响。. 在子课题1）中，我们比较分析了反应式库存共享与前瞻式库存共享机制对竞争企业的不同影响。并且解释了一些看似违背经济学常识的现象，比如低成本的企业从高成本的企业处购买产品，此时竞争企业利用前瞻式库存共享机制提高销售效率并且削弱竞争，此发现在库存共享文献中尚属首例。相比传统的反应式库存共享机制，我们发现前瞻式库存共享机制能够让竞争公司更有效的提高绩效。. 在子课题2）中，我们揭示了联合采购机制与库存共享机制之间的战略关系，并且明确指出，在确定性市场条件下，二者为互相替代的关系，而在不确定性市场条件下，二者为互为补充关系。我们发现联合采购比库存共享能够让竞争企业更有效的降低采购成本和改善销售效率，但是联合采购有可能会使得供应商利益受损，而库存共享则能够使得供应链中所有成员均受益。在同一个研究框架下系统比较研究联合采购与库存共享在文献中尚属首次。. 在子课题3）中，我们揭示了竞争企业采用远期与即期横向子合同背后的经济学原因。企业使用远期横向子合同的目的是降低成本，而采用即期横向自合同的原因是提高销售效率并且抵御市场不确定性。当企业间的总成本差异足够大时，远期横向子合同能为企业带来更大收益。而企业间通过横向自合同交易的对象也会对横向子合同的效果产生重大影响。例如，当企业间的组装成本差异不大时，企业间交易关键零部件会比交易成品更加有益。该研究为横向子合同文献中首次深入研究横向子合同的时序和对象的论文。