Our previous studies have revealed the loss of AtPUB4 function in Arabidopsis thaliana L causes hypertrophic growth of the tapetal cells. The Atpub4 mutation also leads to incomplete degeneration of the tapetal cells. As a result, the pollen grains adhere to each other, and do not properly disperse from dehisced anthers for successful pollination. We found that the male-sterility phenotype caused by the Atpub4 mutation is temperature-dependent: the mutant plants are sterile when grown at 22℃ but are partially fertile at 16℃. In our application, MtPUB4 gene will be identified from Bioinformatics BLAST search of the Medicago truncatula genome database using AtPUB4 gene sequence. Then we suppose the MtPUB4 gene has similar function with AtPUB4. To prove the point, MtPub4 gene will be introduced into Atpub4 mutant for genetic complementation and identify.if restoration of transgenic mutants' fertility,and for further verification, RNAi vector will be constructed to silence the MtPUB4 gene and analyse the mutation of androsporangia on developmental progress by SEM images.Due to the close sib-relationship to both of them, PUB4 gene in Medicago sativa can also be knocked down and maybe lead to male sterility, the discovery of thermo-sensitivity of male-sterile materials in alfalfa will pave the way to utilize two-line system heterosis for genetic improvement of yield of this crop,and also be helpful to control the environmental and biologic endangerments probably by transgenic plants.
我们研究发现拟南芥AtPUB4基因的功能缺失会引起花粉绒毡层细胞异常肥大和延迟退化,导致花粉粒粘连,无法正常释放,造成雄性不育,且此性状为温度敏感型:22℃时pub4突变体表现不育,但低温16℃时突变体部分可育。项目拟通过生物信息学方法在截形苜蓿中筛选出AtPUB4的同源基因MtPUB4,并提出假设:MtPUB4具有与拟南芥AtPUB4类似的功能,在截形苜蓿花粉育性中起调控作用,且受温度影响。为证实这一假说,本研究将通过分离MtPUB4基因,转化拟南芥pub4突变体进行遗传互补实验、RNAi干扰抑制MtPUB4基因表达、雄蕊细胞发育进程的显微观察等方法确定其功能。截形苜蓿与紫花苜蓿同属不同种,具有较近的亲缘关系,其研究成果将可以直接用于紫花苜蓿中,为创制转基因紫花苜蓿温敏型雄性不育系、实现两系法的杂种优势利用提供科学依据,并也可为防止转基因植物因花粉漂移可能带来的环境生物安全问题提供思路。
杂种优势是作物增产的重要途径之一,而雄性不育已被广泛地应用于杂种作物生产中。我们前期研究发现:拟南芥AtPUB4蛋白,一种U-box/ARM结构域的E3泛素连接酶,在拟南芥雄性不育中扮演了重要作用,它的功能缺失会使绒毡层细胞过度生长和延迟退化,导致花粉粒被挤压粘连,无法正常释放而造成雄性不育,且此性状为温敏性。截形苜蓿是豆科模式植物,已完成全基因组测序,且与紫花苜蓿亲缘关系相近。本项目借鉴上述研究,在截形苜蓿中筛选AtPUB4的同源基因MtPUB4,转化拟南芥Atpub4突变体进行遗传互补实验,以验证其是否具有类似功能,为创制苜蓿雄性不育材料、开展杂种优势利用研究奠定基础。开展的主要研究及结果如下:(1)生物信息学分析及基因克隆:PUB4基因是U-box基因家族成员,首先用Blast同源比对等方法,在截形苜蓿全基因组分析中筛查找到并分析了41个U-box基因和155个MtR2R3-MYB基因及其表达方式。其次重点比对分析了绒毡层细胞发育调控基因,发现共有三类63个基因。再根据AtPUB4基因的氨基酸序列和U-box及ARM保守结构域,在截形苜蓿基因组中,用RT-PCR同源克隆等方法,成功克隆了两个相似性较高的MtPUB4候选基因,并将它们分别克隆到pBI121载体上。(2)利用“两步PCR法”筛选拟南芥Atpub4突变杂合植株,用农杆菌介导法将MtPUB4基因转化到Atpub4突变杂合体植株中,进行遗传互补试验,获得转MtPUB4基因拟南芥种子,培育生长至开花期进行扫描电镜观察分析,未发现这两个基因的遗传互补效应。究其原因可能是种间差别,基因的同源相似性较低(分别为52.86%和47.69%)所致。(3)利用Tnt1插入突变,从截形苜蓿突变库中查找到编号为NF1876的花粉不育突变体材料,经种植观察花期显微结构,发现其花粉异常,并用TAIL-PCR方法对Tnt1插入位点侧翼序列进行扩增,获得了两个位于2号染色体上的关联基因,已构建好表达载体,正在育苗进行遗传互补试验,以验证基因的功能。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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