Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease leading to cognitive disorder in the aging adult population.The pathological hallmarks of the disease are senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, neuronal loss and synapse decrease in AD patient's brain. More than 90% of AD cases are sporadic. It supports that the environmental risk factors may play an important role in its onset and development. Currently many studies have identified that adult hypoxia could aggravate the development of AD, and hypoxia in utero during pregnancy can also result in long-lasting cognitive dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Therefore, we propose that hypoxia may affect the pathogenesis of AD at various timepoints across the life span. Our previous studies revealed that prenatal chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) may reduce the cognitive function during the postnatal period. The synapse is the morphological base for learning and memory abilities. The amount of synapses was significantly decreased in the mouse brain after CIH intervention. Astrocytes have been identified playing important role in synaptic plasticity. We also found that prenatal CIH may activate astrocytes in mouse brain. So we will do further research to investigate whether prenatal CIH affect the synaptogenesis through astrocytes, and the role of regulating effect of D-serine to NMDA receptors. Our studies have strong social significance and clinical research value. It not only provides new ideas to study how environmental factors influencing the neurodegenerative disease development, but also provides new scheme and drug development direction for preventing and treating the neurodegenerative diseases.
阿尔茨海默病(AD)散发病例居多,这提示环境因子在AD发病过程中发挥重要作用。目前研究证实成年后低氧可以促进AD的发生发展,低氧作为一种环境因素可能在个体发育的不同时期都能对AD的发病产生影响。我们前期工作发现,胚胎期的慢性间歇性低氧(CIH)可以明显降低小鼠出生后的认知功能,而突触作为认知功能的结构基础,它的形成较未经胚胎期CIH干预的小鼠有了明显降低。星形胶质细胞在突触的发育以及突触可塑性方面起到了重要作用,我们的前期工作还发现胚胎期CIH干预可以明显激活小鼠脑内的星形胶质细胞。因此我们将进一步深入研究胚胎期CIH是否通过星形胶质细胞影响突触的形成与稳定,并探究星形胶质细胞分泌的D-Serine对NMDA受体亚型的调控在此过程中的作用。本研究具有较强的社会意义及临床研究价值,不仅对探究环境因素如何影响神经退行性疾病的发生发展提供新思路,也为防治神经退行性病变提供新方案及药物开发方向。
低氧作为一种环境因素可能在个体发育的不同时期都对阿尔茨海默病的发病产生影响,而神经元突触是大脑认知功能的结构基础,因此我们进行此研究来探究胚胎期慢性间歇性低氧(Chronic intermittent hypoxia, CIH)对子代小鼠突触的影响。在本研究中,我们主要研究CIH是否影响子代小鼠神经元突触的发生,以及胚胎期CIH通过星型胶质细胞影响突触发生的可能机制。在本研究中,我们主要发现CIH可显著降低子鼠突触蛋白的表达,并且CIH是通过对星型胶质细胞D-Ser分泌量的改变通过神经元上的NMDA NR2A型受体影响子鼠神经元突触的发生。小鼠在体试验中,经历胚胎期CIH的子鼠脑突触的数量较正常氧条件下的子代小鼠有39%的降低(p<0.05),突触标记物synaptophysin的蛋白表达量也较正常氧条件下的子代小鼠有42%的显著降低(p<0.05 )。并且,CIH干预的子鼠较正常氧子鼠皮层激活的星型胶质细胞数量增多49%,皮层凋亡相关蛋白Bax、Bcl-2、Caspase-3的表达量也都有显著增加(Bax增加40%,P<0.05;Bcl-2增加45%,P<0.05;Caspase-3增加42%,P<0.05)。细胞实验中,HPLC色谱分析法检测到CIH星形胶质细胞条件培养基(HACM)中的D-Ser含量较正常氧星形胶质细胞条件培养基(NACM)中的D-Ser含量有60%的升高(p<0.05 );培养在HACM中的神经元较培养在NACM中的神经元synaptophysin、PSD-95的表达量显著降低(synaptophysin降低46%,P<0.05;PSD-95降低55%,P<0.05)。HACM培养中的星形胶质细胞用转染shRNA 的方法下调丝氨酸消旋酶(Serine racemase)的表达,从而降低胶质细胞分泌D-Ser 的含量(56%,P<0.05),达到降低HACM培养基中D-Ser的目的,之后我们发现神经元synaptophysin的表达量较前培养在HACM培养基中的神经元有明显升高(30%,P<0.05),并且这种升高会受到NR2A 特异性拮抗剂的影响。我们的研究结果提示,星型胶质细胞在神经退行性疾病的发病过程中可能起到非常重要的作用,会介导低氧条件下神经元突触的退行性变,也为预防和治疗神经退行性病变提供新的药物研发方向。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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