石油焦与煤共气化熔渣与耐火材料相互作用机理及调控机制

Oil becomes heavier and poorer in quality, the production of petroleum coke with high sulfur content continuously increases in China. Petroleum coke entrained flow gasification has been identified as a feasible technology of high efficient environment protection utilization. The life span of gasifier refractory material is decided by ash composition. However, petroleum coke includes special elements of vanadium and nickel. Little researches have been reported about effect of vanadium and nickel from petroleum coke on the corrosion of refractory at present. The lack of understanding and knowledge has severely limited the utilization of petroleum coke in gasification. This project focuses on interaction mechanism of petroleum coke and coal co-gasification slag with refractory material and regulation. This project is concentrated on the following aspects: the relationship between slag composition and refractory material erosion, the kinetic law of vanadium corrosion to refractory material, the corrosion mechanism of nickel to refractory material, the mechanism of slag-induced corrosion of different refractory materials. Based on this research, the slag-induced corrosion is improved by the methods of coal preparation of petroleum coke co-gasification with coal, the optimization of operating conditions of gasifier, and the selection of refractory material for entrained flow gasifier. It is also the support for the design and operation of entrained flow gasifier with petroleum coke.

国内高硫石油焦产量不断上升，气流床气化是实现其高效洁净利用的可行途径。灰的化学组成决定着气化炉耐火材料的使用寿命，然而，由于石油焦富含特殊元素钒和镍，目前缺乏对其侵蚀气化炉耐火材料的认识，制约了石油焦气化技术的应用。本项目以石油焦与煤共气化的熔渣为研究对象，对共气化熔渣与耐火材料相互作用机理及调控机制进行研究。具体内容包括：熔渣灰化学组成与耐火材料侵蚀的关系，熔渣中V侵蚀耐火材料的动力学规律，熔渣中Ni对耐火材料侵蚀的影响及机理，共气化熔渣对不同耐火材料的侵蚀机理。在此基础上，通过石油焦与煤气流床共气化的选煤、煤与石油焦共气化操作条件的优化和气化炉内耐火材料的选择，实现耐火材料侵蚀的调控和改善，为石油焦气化炉的设计和运行提供科学依据。

本项目针对劣质石油焦的气流床气化高效洁净利用，以石油焦和煤共气化灰渣为研究对象，对共气化灰渣与耐火材料相互作用及调控进行了科学基础研究，项目研究了灰的化学组成对耐火材料溶解的影响，明确了灰化学组成、反应温度等与耐火材料熔解度的关系；研究了耐火材料对共气化熔渣流动性的影响，揭示了耐火材料Cr2O3对熔渣黏度和熔融温度的影响机理；研究了共气化灰中V、Ni和Fe元素对熔渣侵蚀性关键参数熔融温度和黏度的影响；确定了共气化灰中V、Ni和Fe元素含量与灰渣黏度和熔融温度的关系；研究了添加助剂和调节配煤对共气化熔渣流动性的调控，揭示了共气化熔渣黏度和熔融温度的调控机制；研究了熔渣对不同耐火材料的润湿性，阐明了熔渣组成和耐火材料种类对润湿性的影响规律；研究了灰组成、反应动力学因素、耐火材料种类对侵蚀行为的影响，揭示了共气化熔渣对不同耐火材料侵蚀机理；分析研究了工业水煤浆气化炉的事后耐火砖，阐明了气化炉耐火材料损失机制。项目研究结果为石油焦与煤气流床共气化的进料灰化学控制、操作条件确定和耐火材料选择提供了理论基础。