路边停车寻位策略及停车位定价机制研究

According to a recent survey, over 30% traffic on urban road is due to drivers' search parking drives. This project aims to design effective parking pricing mechanisms to alleviate the "Hard Parking Problem", through better understanding on the cruising for parking. Firstly, searching distance probability function is the key in affecting the expected curbside parking cost. Taking the schedule delay cost into account, the driver's best searching strategies should be minimizing his expected cost. Consequently, with the SP method, we plan to calibrate the parameters in the theoretical model in sample and validate the output with simulation. Finally, we will focus on the curbside parking pricing mechanisms, which include the static pricing and dynamic pricing. For the static pricing, the marginal cost pricing and limited parking duration will be adopted comprehensively. Besides that, two dynamic pricing mechanisms, namely the optimal target occupancy rate pricing and real-option pricing with parking information provision are investigated. Both of them can adjust with the curbside occupancy rate and real traffic condition. This research can deepen the understanding on urban drivers and enhance the curbside parking design and management.

据有关调查，城市道路平均超过30%的交通是由于司机找车位引发的，本项目从分析城市驾驶者的路边停车寻位行为入手，研究如何设计停车定价机制以缓解城市交通"停车难"。首先分析寻位距离概率分布函数，这是影响期望停车寻位成本的主要因素。在考虑延误时间成本情况下，驾驶者选择最优的寻位策略以最小化成本；这将涉及一系列决策，如提前多久出发、多远开始寻位和寻位范围多大等。接下来，运用实证调研对驾驶证的决策选择做抽样调查，并利用仿真模拟对理论结果进行验证。最后将研究停车定价机制，包括静态定价与动态定价两种：静态定价方案将综合运用边际成本定价和停车限时政策来引导需求；而动态定价将主要围绕最优目标占有率价格机制和基于停车信息发布的期权定价机制加以研究。这两种定价方法可以依据停车位占有率和道路状况实时调节价格。本研究有助于加深对城市出行者停车寻位行为的认识，为路边停车场的合理规划和科学管理提供决策依据和理论支持。

本项目从分析城市驾驶者的路边停车寻位行为入手，研究如何设计停车定价机制以缓解城市交通“停车难”。首先分析寻位距离概率分布函数，这是影响期望停车寻位成本的主要因素。在考虑延误时间成本情况下，驾驶者选择最优的寻位策略以最小化成本；这将涉及一系列决策，如提前多久出发、多远开始寻位和寻位范围多大等。接下来，运用实证调研对驾驶证的决策选择做抽样调查，并利用仿真模拟对理论结果进行验证。最后将研究停车定价机制，包括静态定价与动态定价两种：静态定价方案将综合运用边际成本定价和停车限时政策来引导需求；而动态定价将主要围绕最优目标占有率价格机制和基于停车信息发布的期权定价机制加以研究。这两种定价方法可以依据停车位占有率和道路状况实时调节价格。.本项目2015-2018年度累计正式发表标注论文10篇，包括国际刊物《Transportmetrica Part A》和《Transport Policy》各一篇，2篇发表在《管理科学学报》，5篇论文发表在国内/国际会议；另有已完成的论文中，被《Transportation Research Part B》、《管理科学学报》、《系统仿真学报》接收论文5篇。举办国际学术研讨会议3次。