老龄化社会下残疾人、老年人可预留停车位设计及应用基础研究——以杭州市为例

Vulnerable road users such as disabled people and elderly are satisfied with the travel demands in the rapidly developing modern society. In developed countries, approximately 72% of people with disabilities depend on private automobiles for transportation. Due to health reasons, people with disabilities cannot get on or drop off in the standard parking spaces, therefore, reserved parking spaces are extremely important for them. Meanwhile, as large cities in China have successively entered the aging society, the elderly population is growing rapidly. With current standard size parking spaces, it has been difficult to guarantee that the large population of elderly is able to get on or drop off vehicles safely and quickly. The design of new parking spaces has become imperative..In this situation, the research proposed a new kind of reserved parking space which can simultaneously meet the parking needs of people with disabilities and the elderly. Research content includes: 1) the study on reserved parking design theoretical analysis; 2) research on the establishment of simulation models for reserved parking spaces in Hangzhou; 3) an experiment on the size of reserved parking spaces for the disabled people and the elderly; 4) psychological tests on whether able-bodied drivers will still park in reserved parking spaces when they notice the redesigned signs and messages set up in these spots; 5) the effectiveness of reserved parking spaces in a large shopping mall. In all, vulnerable road users such as the disabled people and the elderly will be able to park safely and efficiently in the aging society in China, through a series of designs and a test of reserved parking spaces.

现代化社会的快速发展，大大满足了残疾人、老年人等交通弱者的出行需求。在发达国家，约有72%的残疾人是依靠私人小汽车出行。由于身体原因，残疾人无法在标准停车位乘降，因此，可预留停车位对其而言显得极其重要。同时，我国各大城市已相继进入老龄化社会，老年人人口急剧增加。现有标准尺寸停车位已经很难保障庞大人口数量的老年人群安全、快捷乘降，设计新车位已成为当务之急。.正是在这种形势下，本项目提出能够同时满足残疾人和老年人停车需求的可预留停车位设想。具体研究内容包括：1）可预留停车位设计理论分析研究；2）以杭州为例，建立可预留停车位使用模拟模型；3）以残疾人和老年人为对象的可预留车位尺寸试验；4）可预留停车位标志标示对普通机动车驾驶员的心理影响试验；5）大型商场应用实践。本项目旨在通过对可预留停车位的设计、试验，为在老龄化社会下保障残疾人、老年人等交通弱者停车安全、满足其停车需求，奠定理论和技术基础。

老龄化社会下残疾人、老年人可预留停车位设计及应用基础研究——以杭州市为例，课题成果主要包括：1）通过调研杭州市残疾人联合会、杭州市交警支队等相关部门，对杭州市可预留停车位使用现状和存在的问题进行了广泛了解与分析；2）通过搜集文献，对国内外可预留停车位的相关法律法规、使用人群等进行梳理。分析国内可预留停车位设置理论，确定可预留停车位使用人群；3）以杭州为例，建立可预留停车位使用模拟模型，并分析了停车位使用的主要影响因素：违章使用次数、停车位与目的地入口距离和目的地吸引指数；4）开展以残疾人和老年人为对象的可预留车位尺寸试验。通过试验，明确了适合我国轮椅残疾人和老年人等交通弱者乘降的具体的可预留停车位尺寸；5）开展可预留车位标志标示对普通机动车驾驶员的心理影响试验研究，归纳总结出最佳标志标示搭配方案；6）提出大型商场设置停车带和改进停车位设置方案。综合上述结果，本研究为探讨设置符合我国国情的可预留停车位奠定了坚实的工作基础。同时也为他国可预留停车位的设置提供了新思路和理论依据。