气体钻井安全监测的前兆预警关键传感器研究

Through development of last several decades，gas drilling theories and technologies have been widely applied in xploration and exploitation of deep layer and large scale Low-grade oil and gas resources, but the precursory forecasting problems of the two hidden dangers such as formation water and underground bums are still one of the bottlenecks of popularization and application of gas drilling technique. Based on analysis of the present problems of the existing precursory-warning gas and humidity sensors for safety monitoring of the two hidden dangers of gas drilling, this project would develop deeply the study of humidity sensors with fast response and high sensitivity, stability of humidity sensors, and new type of absolute humidity sensor. The research on CO, CO2, low and high concentration of methane gas sensors with high performance would be carried out. This project will build the response model of the gas and humidity sensors under the complex environment of gas drilling and explore the realization ways of precursory-warning sensors for the formation water and underground bums. Based on the above researches, gas and humidity sensors adapt to the complex environments of air drilling would be developed to provide a key precursory sensor support for early warning of gas drilling safety. Furthermore, based on these new types of gas and humidity sensors, and combining with the changing rule ofhumidity and combustible gas concentration in the returned gas, the precursory-warning technology and system for gas drilling safety monitoring would be developed to provide a support for gas drilling theory development and technique popularization.

气体钻井理论与技术经过几十年的发展，已经广泛应用于深层油气资源和大规模低品位油气资源勘探开发领域，但地层出水和井下燃爆这两大安全隐患的前兆预警问题仍然是气体钻井技术推广应用的瓶颈之一。本项目拟在分析现有地层出水和井下燃爆前兆预警传感器主要问题的基础上，深入开展湿度传感器的高速高灵敏特性及机理研究、湿度传感器的稳定性研究、新型绝对湿度传感器研究，高性能低甲烷、高甲烷、CO、CO2气体传感器研究，建立气体钻井复杂环境下的气湿敏传感器响应模型，探索地层出水和井下燃爆前兆预警传感器的实现途径，在此基础上发展适应气体钻井复杂现场环境的新型气湿敏传感器，为气体钻井安全预警提供关键的前兆传感器支撑。进一步，以这些新型气湿敏传感器为基础，结合气体钻井返出气体的湿度与可燃气体浓度变化规律，构建气体钻井安全监测前兆预警技术与系统，为气体钻井理论发展与技术推广应用提供支撑。

本项目面向气体钻井推广应用的两大瓶颈-地层出水和井下燃爆的安全监测前兆预警传感关键技术进行相关基础研究，研究内容主要包括气体钻井地层出水前兆预警传感器研究、井下燃爆前兆预警传感器研究、气体钻井安全监测前兆预警系统设计及应用验证研究。在深入分析现有前兆预警气湿敏传感器主要问题的基础上，开展了湿度传感器的高速高灵敏特性、敏感机理及稳定性研究、新型绝对湿度传感器研究，高性能CH4、CO、CO2气体传感器研究。探索了地层出水和井下燃爆前兆预警传感器的实现途径，针对气体钻井复杂现场环境，发展了系列新型气湿敏传感器及传感系统，进一步，围绕新型气湿敏传感器，结合气体钻井返出空气的湿度与可燃气体浓度变化规律，建立地层出水与井下燃爆的预警模型，构建气体钻井安全监测前兆预警技术与系统，设计了整个监测系统的参数采集结构，研制了气体钻井前兆预警系统的整体式封装，搭建了井筒及返出管线模拟实验平台，进行了模拟环境测试与现场应用验证，为气体钻井安全监测技术的理论发展与推广应用提供了有力支持。