It is new strategy to discover drugs to increase anti-infective ability of human body based on the role of innate immunity. Previously, we found artesunate (AS) not only has anti-bacterial enhancer effect against bacteria but also increase the ability of hosts to clear bacteria. Based on the facts that AS’s effect are tightly related to down-regulation of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) mRNA and enhanced autophagy, and VDR is probably the target of AS from the molecular docking analysis, we suggest a hypothesis that “VDR is the target of AS. AS binds to VDR, leading to the changes of VDR-mediated-rapid effect and/or genomic effect. Subsequently, there happen changes of auophagy related signal pathways or the expressions of some important auophagy related molecules. Finally, AS plays its effect via increasing the autophagy, leading to increased clearance of bacteria in host”. Therefore, the investigation will be carried out focusing on VDR-mediated autophage and antibacterial peptides (mCRAMP) in vitro and in vivo. Firstly, using endotoxin tolerance cell model, VDR is confirmed to the drug target of AS. Secondly, it will be demonstrated that AS binds to VDR located on cell membrane or in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Thirdly, the importance of autophagy and the role of unknown X gene will be investigated. Lastly, using VDR agonist or antagonist, AS’s effect will be observed in mice experiments. And in gene knockout mice, the changes of AS’s effect will be observed, too. In conclusion, our results will demonstrate the molecular mechanisms and it is very important for discovering new drug target in the future.
从天然免疫角度研究具有提高机体抗菌能力的药物已成为抗感染药物发现的新策略。我们前期发现,青蒿琥酯(AS)不仅具有抗菌增敏作用,还能增强机体对细菌的清除能力。基于AS的作用与其下调VDR表达、增强自噬密切相关,以及分子对接结果提示VDR可能是AS的药靶,提出“VDR是AS的作用靶点。AS与VDR结合,导致VDR介导的快速效应和/或基因效应发生改变,从而导致自噬相关信号转导途径或相关重要分子的表达改变,增强细胞自噬过程,发挥增强机体清除细菌能力的作用”的假设。为此,本项目围绕VDR介导的自噬和抗菌肽开展工作:首先在内毒素耐受细胞模型上明确VDR是AS的药靶;然后明确AS是作用于胞膜或胞浆受体;再后明确自噬在AS作用中的重要性,探索未知基因在AS作用中的角色。最后给予VDR激动药、拮抗药或在相关基因敲除/封闭小鼠上给予细菌二次打击,观察AS作用的变化。为阐明AS的作用机制、发现新药靶奠定基础。
脓毒症免疫抑制导致的二次感染及其多器官功能衰竭是脓毒症患者晚期死亡的主要原因,寻找有效的治疗药物并研究其作用机制和药物靶点具有重要意义。.本研究采用盲肠结扎穿孔术(CLP)诱导的脓毒症免疫抑制小鼠模型,研究AS对CLP诱导的脓毒症免疫抑制小鼠的治疗作用。结果显示,AS显著提高模型小鼠7天生存率,提高小鼠清除细菌的能力及前炎症细胞因子水平。.在此基础上,本研究采用LPS耐受巨噬细胞模型,进一步研究AS对LPS耐受巨噬细胞的药理作用。结果显示,AS对可提高LPS耐受细胞清除细菌的能力和前炎症细胞因子水平;自噬激活剂可影响LPS耐受状态的形成,自噬抑制剂可抑制AS的作用,说明LPS耐受状态的形成与细胞自噬功能降低密切相关,而AS的作用与提高细胞的自噬功能有关。.在AS的药物靶点与相互作用分子研究方面,本研究通过中药系统药理学数据库与分析平台(TCMSP)预测了AS相互作用候选分子,筛选出相互作用分子维生素D受体(VDR);在LPS耐受细胞中Vdr mRNA及VDR蛋白的表达显著增加,而AS可显著降低其表达;改变Vdr的表达(敲低或过表达)将影响LPS耐受状态的形成及AS的作用,说明VDR与LPS耐受状态的形成及AS作用密切相关。进一步的分子机制研究结果显示,AS可抑制VDR对其靶基因Atg16l1的转录负调控作用、对mCRAMP的调控,进而调控自噬过程;AS可以与VDR结合,从而抑制VDR的核转位并增加NF-κB p65的核转位,提高LPS耐受细胞的自噬过程。.最后,对巨噬细胞膜是否存在膜VDR(mVDR)及其内化在LPS耐受形成和AS作用中的重要性进行深入的研究。结果显示,巨噬细胞膜提取物中存在VDR蛋白,AS可以显著减少mVDR的含量;采用内化抑制剂或者敲低小窝蛋白(caveolin-1)的表达,LPS耐受不能形成;采用抗VDR抗体封闭细胞膜表面VDR,则AS的作用消失;采用可能具有结合AS的VDR功能区片段野生肽H305、H397,AS的作用消失,而突变肽则无此作用。.综上所述,AS具有逆转脓毒症免疫抑制的作用,其作用机制与其抑制VDR的表达和mVDR的内化,从而减少cVDR的核转位、增加NF-κB p65的核转位密切相关。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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