扩散吸收式热变换器循环机理及其相关基础问题研究

The temperature of the middle and low temperature industrial exhaust heat from the production process can be increased obviously by the heat transformer, hence the utilization rate of the exhaust heat can be improved, which shows the great its application potential. But the corrosion problem of the high temperature solution pump, poor reliability of the operation, quite a little electricity consumed by the solution pump and refrigerant pump of the traditional heat transformer restrain the development of the heat transformer industry and its related energy saving industry. Focused on improving the operation reliability and reducing the electricity consume, the project proposed a heat transformer without mechanical solution pump, refrigerant pump and no moving parts by integrating the diffusion absorption refrigeration system and traditional heat transformer. The project will not only conduct research on the operating mechanism of the heat transformer, but also on the phase equilibrium of the multi-component solution containing polar molecules and the two-phase flow of such solution in the bubble pumps. The project will theoretically and experimentally disclose the phase equilibrium characteristics and two-phase flow mechanism of such solutions in the bubble pumps, in order to explore the operational characteristics of the heat transformer and seek for the effective method to optimization of the system performance, and then to realize the effective elevation of the heat grade with low initial cost and high reliability. The results of the research will enrich the theory of the heat transformer and lay a solid basis for the industrial applications of the heat transformer.

吸收式热变换器可显著提升中低温余热品位，提高能源综合利用效率，工业应用潜力巨大。然而，传统吸收式热变换器普遍存在溶液泵高温腐蚀严重、难以长期可靠运行、电耗大等突出问题，制约了吸收式热变换器行业乃至相关节能产业的快速发展。本项目以提高系统运行可靠性、降低电耗为目标，提出将扩散吸收式制冷系统与传统吸收式热变换器进行有机结合，构成一种无需电力驱动的高温溶液泵和制冷剂泵、完全无机械运动部件的扩散吸收式热变换器。在此基础上，系统研究扩散吸收式热变换器的循环机理、研究含极性流体的大沸程多元溶液相平衡及其在气泡泵内的两相流流动，从理论和实验两方面揭示其相平衡特性及其在气泡泵内的两相流流动规律，探索扩散吸收式热变换器的运行特性，寻求优化系统性能的有效途径。最终实现高效、低成本、高可靠性的热能品位提升。该项目的研究结果可望丰富和完善吸收式热变换器的科学理论，为其投入工业应用奠定坚实基础。

吸收式热变换器可回收利用中低温余热并提升其品位，提高能源综合利用效率，工业应用潜力巨大。然而，传统吸收式热变换器普遍存在溶液泵高温腐蚀严重、难以长期可靠运行、电耗大等突出问题，制约了吸收式热变换器行业乃至相关节能产业的快速发展。本项目以提高系统运行可靠性、降低电耗和回收利用中低品位热能为目标，将扩散吸收式制冷系统与传统吸收式热变换器进行有机结合，首次构建和完善了一种无需电力驱动的高温溶液泵和制冷剂泵、完全无机械运动部件的扩散吸收式热变换器，丰富了吸收式热变换器的循环类型。首次建立了用于制冷剂、吸收剂和扩散气体相平衡计算的含有极性流体（H2O）的大沸程三元溶液的相平衡理论模型，经过文献和本项目首次获得的4个体系相平衡实验数据检验，在循环运行的温度和浓度范围内具有较好的精度，进一步丰富了复杂体系多元溶液的相平衡理论和相平衡实验数据。首次建立了含有极性流体（H2O）的大沸程三元溶液两相流动的双进单出气泡泵运行特性模型，经过本项目首次获得的两种三元溶液气泡泵运行特性实验数据检验，在循环运行的工况范围内具有较好的预测精度，进一步丰富和发展了气泡泵内部复杂体系两相流流动和运行特性的理论体系。在此基础上，系统研究了扩散吸收式热变换器的循环机理，首次建立了扩散吸收式热变换器循环的理论模型，获得了在不同工况下循环性能的模拟结果和循环最佳运行参数，在首个扩散吸收式热变换器实验台上实现了全热驱动下的低成本、高可靠性热能品位提升，实验结果较好地验证了循环理论模型的正确性。该项目的研究结果丰富和发展了吸收式热变换器的循环理论体系，为其投入工业应用奠定了坚实基础。