城市环境因素对学龄儿童肥胖影响的纵向追踪研究-以上海市为例

The prevalence of overweight and obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases have increased in China in the past decade. In particular, the prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in the urban areas of China has grown considerately. Shanghai has the highest rates of childhood overweight and obesity in China. To design effective preventions and interventions, it is essential to understand the determinants of childhood overweight and obesity in Shanghai. Numerous studies in other countries have shown that urban built environment is associated with childhood obesity. Few Chinese studies，however, investigated determinants of childhood overweight and obesity quantitatively. This study is to fill the research gap. This longitual study will comprehensively investigate and quantify environmental determinants of childhood overweight and obesity in Shanghai. A three-year School-based individual questionnaire survey with annual data collection will be conducted in 15 elementary schools including at least 1500 school children and their parents and families and continue. GIS, statistical and spatial analyses will be applied to identify, examine, and quantify environmental determinants of childhood overweight and obesity. The results of the study will provide critical scientific evidence to design effective preventions and interventions for childhood overweight and obesity in Shanghai, China.

改革开放以来，我国经济飞速发展、人民生活水平提高、城市化进程加快。城市环境也有了很大的改变。与此同时，近年我国超重和肥胖的人数日益增多，与肥胖有关的慢性疾病患病率也急剧增加。超重和肥胖问题在中国城市儿童中更为严重。上海儿童超重和肥胖的患病率比中国其他城市更加严重，了解影响上海儿童超重和肥胖的因素为预防控制儿童超重和肥胖有重要意义。国外很多研究指出城市环境会直接影响儿童超重和肥胖。然而国内的大部分研究集中在了解儿童超重和肥胖的发病率、影响因素的定性分析及其健康危害，尚缺乏对影响儿童超重和肥胖的因素的量化研究，尤其是对环境因素的量化研究。本研究会填补这类研究在中国的空白。本研究将通过调查问卷、GIS和统计空间分析方法对参与进行3年的纵向追踪研究，全面系统地了解、确定并量化影响上海学龄儿童肥胖的城市环境因素。本研究结果可为城市儿童超重和肥胖预防控制政策的有效制定和建设设计提供重要的科学依据。

改革开放以来，我国经济飞速发展、人民生活水平提高、城市化进程加快。城市环境也有了很大的改变。与此同时，近年我国超重和肥胖的人数日益增多，与肥胖有关的慢性疾病患病率也急剧增加。超重和肥胖问题在中国城市儿童中更为严重。上海儿童超重和肥胖的患病率比中国其他城市更加严重，了解影响上海儿童超重和肥胖的因素为预防控制儿童超重和肥胖有重要意义。国外很多研究指出城市环境会直接影响儿童超重和肥胖。然而国内的大部分研究集中在了解儿童超重和肥胖的发病率、影响因素的定性分析及其健康危害，尚缺乏对影响儿童超重和肥胖的因素的量化研究，尤其是对环境因素的量化研究。本研究会填补这类研究在中国的空白。本研究根据上海城市形态筛选了32所公立小学进行家长和学生的调查问卷，一共收集了899份问卷，其中有715份有效问卷。应用网络地图提供的应用编程接口，客观地测量学校周边的建成环境。同时也根据调查问卷收集到的信息，把被访者的家庭地址空间化，并对被访者居住周边的建成环境进行了客观地测量。根据所收集的数据，我们对学龄儿童采取主动模式出勤的因素进行了logistic多元回归分析，对影响学龄儿童休闲时间体力活动和超重和肥胖的个人、家庭、和客观的建成环境因素进行了线形多元回归分析。全面系统地了解、确定并量化影响上海学龄儿童主动出勤模式、休闲时间体力活动和超重和肥胖的城市环境因素。