沉陷区高分辨率SAR散射特征变化规律研究

There has been always a problem between resource development and environment protection. To develop under the premise of protected and meanwhile to protect under the premise of developed is a common pathway of the environmental protection and economic development in mining area. Currently, the researches on the environmental affect of underground mining by means of space earth observation technology are mainly qualitative. Because of the lack of quantitative analysis model, it is difficult to explain the phenomenon reasonably. . The research is to establish a quantitative model, by utilizing high-resolution SAR, with its precision phase and scattering measurements, aiming at mining subsidence areas. The research method is to gather and process surface and spatial observation data, perform experimental analysis and theoretical derivation. Specifically as follows：. Firstly, a situ experimental field will be set up to measure the scattering characteristics of the typical surface targets（For example cultivated land，abandoned land，bare land） and the standard scattering targets (For example Corner Reflector，Permanent Scatters). . Secondly, the parametric inversion technique and characteristics simulation will be used to analysis the phase change information, backscatter change information and the physical characteristics of the scattering target, and to determine the relationship among those information and mining subsidence. . Lastly, a backscatter-physical characteristics spatio-temporal model will be established. The dynamic model is expected to be used for explain the reason of influence of mining subsidence on environment, and for evaluation of land reclamation and ecological reconstruction.

资源开发与环境保护是一对固有矛盾。“在保护中开发，在开发中保护”是矿区环境保护与经济发展的共同途径。空间对地观测技术对“地下开采影响地表生态”命题的研究，定性地回答了“有没有影响?”，定量地回答了“影响程度如何?”，但对“影响机理如何?”，缺乏明确的遥感物理解释。本研究以高分辨率SAR高精度相位和散射测量为技术手段，以环境问题突出的采矿沉陷区为研究对象，采用地表观测和空间数据相结合、试验分析与理论推演互验证的研究方法，创建矿区地表典型目标和标准散射目标散射特征测定原位实验场，协同处理高分辨率SAR相位变化信息、后向散射变化信息、散射目标物理特征实测信息，获得开采沉陷相位变化、后向散射变化、典型地物介电特性变化规律，通过特征参数反演和物理特征重构，构建相位变化区典型目标“后向散射变化-物理特性变化”时空关系模型，为矿区形变灾害及次生灾害遥感机理解译、土地复垦与生态重建效益评估提供科学依据。

本研究以2012.1-2013.6共18期高分辨率SAR RADARSAT-2 MF6数据高精度干涉为基础，采用D-InSAR两种干涉策略和SBAS-InSAR时间序列分析技术手段，并辅助概率积分法开采沉陷预计，以西部生态脆弱地区高强开采地表沉陷区——神东矿区为重点研究对象，采用光学遥感和雷达遥感相结合、试验分析与理论推演互验证的研究方法，协同处理高分辨率SAR相位变化信息、相干性变化信息和光学遥感多种植被指数信息，获得开采沉陷相位变化、相干性变化、植被指数、净初级生产力时空变化规律，构建相位变化区典型工作面“相位变化-植被生态变化”时空关系模型，为矿区形变灾害及次生灾害遥感机理解译、土地复垦与生态重建效益评估提供科学依据。具体成就如下：.（1）实现了神东矿区高分辨SAR开采沉陷区相位与散射特征测量，获得了开采沉陷相位变化的时空规律.创造性地运用两种D-InSAR干涉策略和小基线集干涉策略（SBAS-InSAR），实施多时相SAR相位变化区的提取，首次获得了神东高强度采区地表沉陷的规模与采动速率。实现了大范围矿区开采沉陷地质环境灾害调查与评价。实现了多工作面开采沉陷地表移动特征值提取计算。实现了典型工作面地表移动、残余变形过程相关参数提取与计算..（2）拓展了神东矿区植被净初级生产力（NPP）的时空变化特征研究及影响因素分析.利用时长11a(2000-2010)的TERRA MODIS 16d辐射校正产品168期，研究基于EOS/MODIS卫星遥感NPP数据集，获得了神东矿区、缓冲区、对比区NPP变化规律，创造性地加入了气候分析。研究结果揭示出一个事实，NPP在空间分布上存在显著差异，矿区内和临近区域植被NPP受到一定程度抑制，即NPP变化与开采沉陷影响显著相关..（3）开创了长时序、高强度煤炭开采下归一化植被指数（NDVI）的时空变化、开采强度和气候效应研究.通过设立直接影响区、间接影响区和自然生态校验区, 利用长时序GIMMS AVHRR/NDVI(1981-2006)植被指数数据集, 结合同期温度、降水和煤炭产量信息, 从时间、空间、气候和开采强度方面开展对比分析, 并以长时序MODIS NPP/NDVI(2000-2010)数据进行结果验证。该研究最重要的科学意义在于，兼顾了全球变化的影响，证伪了：煤炭开采对矿区生态影响甚少，甚至没有影响的.