聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯阻燃耐磨透明涂层的设计、性能及机理研究

Aiming to overcome the drawbacks of bad flame retardancy and abrasion-resistance of PMMA and bad flame retardancy of PMMA compounded with flame retardants, uvioresistant metal oxide nanoparticle grafted by phosphorus-nitrogen-containing hyperbranched polymer are synthesized and compounded with siloxane to prepare flame-retardant, abrasion-resistant and UV-resistant PMMA composites coated by transparent coating after hydrolysis, coating and solidification, based on the combination of coating technology, nanocomposite technology, synergistic flame retardant and molecular design. The effect of composition, structure and thickness of coating on flame retardancy, abrasion-resistance, UV-resistance and transparency of composites is investigated to discuss the structure-function relationships. The relationships between flame retardancy of coating and PMMA composite are studied. The effect of composition, structure and thickness of coating on pyrolysis and combustion process of coating and coated PMMA and the effect on composition of gaseous products and structure and properties of char are investigated. The relationships of composition of gaseous products and structure and properties of char of coating and coated PMMA and the effect of thickness of coating on their relationships are also studied to reveal the flame retardant mechanisms of PMMA composite. This project provides theoretical and experimental foundations for preparation of flame-retardant, abrasion-resistant and UV-resistant PMMA composites coated by transparent coating and has important implications for the application of PMMA optical plastics and decrease of its fire risks.

本项目针对PMMA阻燃性和耐磨性差以及混合阻燃剂难于阻燃PMMA的缺点，将涂层技术、纳米复合、协效阻燃和分子设计相结合，合成含磷氮超支化聚合物接枝抗紫外金属氧化物纳米粒子，然后和硅氧烷单体混合，经水解、涂覆、固化后制备出阻燃、耐磨、耐紫外的透明涂层涂覆PMMA复合材料。研究涂层组成结构和厚度对复合材料阻燃、耐磨、耐紫外和透明性的影响，探讨材料的构效关系。研究涂层和涂覆PMMA复合材料阻燃性之间的关系。研究涂层的组成结构和厚度对涂层和涂覆PMMA热解燃烧过程的影响，对气相产物组成和炭层结构性质的影响，研究涂层和涂覆PMMA的气相产物组成及炭层结构性质之间的关系，研究涂层厚度对它们之间关系的影响，揭示涂层涂覆PMMA复合材料的阻燃机理。本项目为制备阻燃、耐磨、耐紫外的透明涂层涂覆PMMA复合材料提供了理论依据和实验基础，对PMMA光学塑料的应用和降低其火灾危险性具有重要的意义。

本项目针对PMMA阻燃性和耐磨性差以及混合阻燃剂难于阻燃PMMA的缺点，合成含磷丙烯酸酯和含磷氮（硅）超支化聚合物，然后采用紫外光聚合法或溶剂法制备阻燃、耐磨、透明的涂层涂覆PMMA复合材料。具体研究成果如下：合成了多种新型含磷化合物，鉴于透明性对PMMA光学塑料的首要性，制备了多种透明阻燃涂覆PMMA复合材料，其中两种具有优异的阻燃性和非常接近纯PMMA的高透明性，制备了两种阻燃、耐磨、透明的涂层涂覆PMMA；开发了基于含磷丙烯酸酯或含磷超支化聚合物的透明、耐磨、阻燃涂层的设计方法，开发了硅元素提高含磷氮涂层阻燃、耐磨、透明性的方法；揭示了涂层结构与涂覆PMMA阻燃、耐磨、透明性的关系，揭示了涂层涂覆PMMA在气相和凝聚相中的阻燃机理；研究了涂层涂覆PMMA的粘附性，部分涂覆PMMA同时具有较好的粘附性，在项目申请时未预料到的是通过对涂层结构的调控，在提高涂覆PMMA阻燃性的同时还可以降低材料燃烧的产烟量和CO产量，提高涂覆PMMA的火安全性。本项目为制备阻燃、耐磨、透明的涂层涂覆PMMA复合材料提供了理论依据和实验基础，为PMMA光学塑料产业的发展提供重要的技术支撑。