稀土杂化ITO基三维电极及增效聚合物太阳能电池的研究

Aimed at the technical problems of the low power conversion efficiency in polymer solar cells (PSCs), this project proposes to hybridize the three-dimensional nano-array electrode with silica embedded lanthanide complex (lanthanide complex@SiO2), studying optical properties and path matching of incident light, to reveal their mechanism in improving PSCs’ power conversion efficiency. By optimizing the optical path matching and providing preferential paths for the efficient charges, the power conversion efficiency of PSCs will be improved by three-dimensional nano-array electrode. Further, lanthanide complex@SiO2 with luminescent down shifting and scattering effects will be used to optimize the optical properties and path matching. Optimizing spins coating process and preparing parameters of three-dimensional nano-array electrode and lanthanide complex@ SiO2, combining the interface structure and morphology characterizing of lanthanide complex@SiO2, their influence law on photoelectric performance of three-dimensional composite electrode will be established. Establishing the relationship among three-dimensional complex electrodes morphology, incident light path and power conversion efficiency of PSCs, this study will reveal the mechanism of three-dimensional complex electrode in enhancing power conversion efficiency of PSCs. This project will provide theoretical basis for improving transparent conductive electrode and power conversion efficiency of PSCs, and promote the development and marketization of PSCs technology.

本项目针对聚合物太阳能电池（PSCs）的入射光利用率低的问题，利用SiO2包埋稀土络合物（稀土络合物@SiO2）杂化纳米三维阵列电极，研究入射光特性及光路匹配对PSCs能量转换效率提升的作用机制。采用纳米三维阵列电极，优化入射光的光学匹配并为有效分离电荷提供优先通道，提高PSCs的能量转化效率。利用稀土络合物@SiO2颗粒对入射光的下转换与散射效应，进一步优化入射光的特性及其光路匹配；通过优化纳米三维阵列电极及稀土络合物@SiO2的制备参数、旋涂工艺，结合纳米三维阵列与稀土化合物@SiO2颗粒的界面结构与形貌表征，确立三维复合电极光电性能的影响规律；建立三维复合电极形貌-入射光光学路径-PSCs能量转换效率的关系，揭示三维复合电极提升PSCs能量转换效率的机理。本项目将为提升PSCs的透明导电电极性能及能量转换效率提供理论基础，并推动PSCs的技术发展与市场化。

稀土本身发光效率极低，需要与高吸光系数的配体形成配合物以发挥其独特的发光性能。稀土无机材料本身加工过程不环保、加工困难，导致难以大规模使用。稀土有机配合物既通过“天线”效应，解决了吸光系数低的问题，又为稀土离子提供了一个稳定的环境，使得稀土离子本身的荧光性能得以体现，但由于配体选择局限性限制了其应用。二氧化硅作为优秀的载体材料，被广泛地应用于各种材料改性当中。可控的尺寸分布，可调节的光学性能，良好的分散性使二氧化硅复合荧光材料具有较大的发展潜力。下转换材料通过自身的荧光特性，能将光伏器件本身难以利用的光能转化成器件可利用的光被利用，从而提高光伏器件的效率，可以充分利用稀土发光材料的优势，是稀土材料一个较有前景的发展方向。本项目系统研究了稀土络合物@SiO2颗粒的尺寸及其性能关系，并优化了颗粒悬涂在柔性电极上的参数，得到了最优工艺，从而将涂覆络合物颗粒前的柔性太阳能电池的光电转换效率从7.05%提高到了涂覆络合物颗粒后的7.85%，将效率提高了11.3%。