微波膨化油茶籽仁粉促进水相体系中油和非油物质快速分离的微观机理及油脂品质变化规律

Aqueous extraction processing (AEP) is an environmentally clean technology, enabling simultaneous recovery of oil and protein but the comparatively low oil extraction recovery and high oil content in the residue have discouraged industrial adoption of AEP. Based on our previous findings, the oil and non-oil matters in Camellia oleifera seed were rapidly separated from each other in aqueous system after microwave-puffing pretreatment of Camellia oleifera seed meals. AEP gave a high oil yield of 90% or above, which will turn industrial adoption of AEP into reality. This phenomenon was resulted in by the changes of oilseed microstructure and cytoplasmic inclusions in essence. The project will explore the changes of oilseed microstructure and cytoplasmic inclusions after microwave-puffing pretreatment of Camellia oleifera seed meals, and investigate the effects of microwave-puffing of oilseed meals on oil quality by Microscopy, FTIR, DSC and so on. Furthermore, the relevance between the changes of oilseed microstructure and cytoplasmic inclusions, and rapid separation of oil and non-oil matters in Camellia oleifera seed in aqueous system will be investigated. This project is important to clarify the micro-mechanism of microwave-puffing prompting rapid separation of oil and non-oil matters in Camellia oleifera seed in aqueous system and the change law of oil quality.

当前国内外用水提取油脂还很难应用于工业生产中，我们前期研究发现，油茶籽仁湿法粉碎经微波膨化后容易实现在水相体系中油和非油物质的快速分离，其出油率达90%以上，这将使水代法提取油脂在工业上成为可能，其本质为油料微结构和细胞内含物结构发生改变所致，其中的科学规律值得探索。本课题以"微波膨化油茶籽仁粉"为研究对象，运用显微镜、红外光谱、差示扫描量热等技术手段探讨油料湿法粉碎后微波膨化对油料微结构及细胞内含物结构的影响规律，研究在油料粉较高含水量的条件下微波膨化对油脂品质的影响规律，以及水相体系中油和非油物质相互分离的变化规律，并进一步分析微波膨化后油料微结构及细胞内含物结构的变化与水相体系中油和非油物质快速分离的关联性，从微观尺度探讨通过改变油料微结构及细胞内含物结构促进水相体系中油和非油物质快速分离的科学问题，为"微波膨化预处理水提取油脂" 这一油脂加工新工艺在工业上的应用提供理论支持。

当前国内外用水提取油脂还很难应用于工业生产中，我们研究发现，微波膨化含乙醇油茶籽仁粉后容易实现水相体系中油和非油物质的快速分离，其出油率高达96.3%，这将使水代法提取油脂在工业上成为可能。本课题创新点在于首次：1、建立了微波膨化预处理水提取茶油新技术，出油率高达96.3%；2、发现了微波膨化对油茶籽仁细胞结构及油质小体结构的影响规律；3、发现了微波膨化油茶籽仁粉中油滴聚集状态的变化规律；4、测定了茶油的部分理化指标和营养物质含量；5、建立了低温烘干油茶籽仁粉水提取茶油新技术，出油率高达96.8%。