高脂水产饲料加工和贮藏过程中油脂氧化机理及控制研究

Lipid oxidation in the processing and storage of high fat aquatic feed (HF) and its harmful product safety issues, has already become one of the hot topics in the feed quality and breeding animal physiological growth and even food safety and human health. However, due to the diversity and complexity of the feed formulation and extrusion processing, resulting in the mechanism for lipid oxidation generation is unknown, it is difficult to effectively control the occurrence of lipid oxidation and generation of hazardous substances. This project takes the extruded high fat aquatic feed as the research object, through the feed process safety control technology, minimum principle of harmful ingredients as well as optimization theory of the processing and storage conditions of processing and storage conditions, other disciplines and technologies, it is to study affection materials - fat source - antioxidants and feed processing on dynamic change of high fat aquatic feed lipid oxidation of harmful substances and antioxidant properties, and HF supplement with/without antioxidants deterioration mechanism during storage and influence factors, to clarify HF system fats structural changes - processing and storage conditions - the product nature of the interaction, to explore methods to control or weaken the lipid oxidation and improve HF storage stability, in order to reveal the complexity of extruded aquatic feed processing system and storage in lipid oxidation of harmful substances formation mechanism and antioxidant the law of the foundation, and also provide new ideas to solve common security problems in the actual production of aquatic feed.

高脂水产饲料(HF)加工和贮藏过程中的油脂氧化及其产物安全性问题，已成为饲料品质和养殖动物生长乃至食品安全和人类健康的热点之一。然而，由于饲料配方和加工过程的多样性和复杂性，导致其生成机理不明，难以有效控制油脂氧化的发生及有害物质的生成。本项目拟通过饲料加工过程安全控制技术、有害成分最小值原理以及加工贮藏条件最优化理论等学科和技术的交叉，以挤压HF为研究对象，采用油脂氧化评定法，代谢组学与GC-MS、LC-MS检测相结合的方法，研究物料和加工、贮藏过程对HF油脂氧化有害物性质的影响、抗氧化剂性质变化机制，及影响其性质变动的因素和作用规律，阐明HF体系油脂结构变动-加工贮藏条件-产物性质间相互作用关系，探索控制或减弱油脂氧化和提高HF贮藏稳定性的方法，为揭示复杂挤压水产饲料加工体系和贮藏中油脂氧化有害物的形成机理及抗氧化规律奠定理论基础，也为解决在实际生产中普遍存在的安全性问题提供新思路。

本项目以高脂挤压水产饲料为研究对象，研究其在不同挤压温度成型和贮藏过程中，油脂氧化机理及其有害物质产生的控制。首先弄清了挤压温度对高脂饲料油脂氧化的影响程度及氧化特性，基于油脂氧化评定法和GC-MS的代谢组学方法为手段，通过分析检测水产饲料加工前后油脂氧化产物组及其前体物质组，构建饲料油脂加工前后氧化程度的定量定性分析、油脂氧化产物组及其前体物质组的全面检测技术和方法。检测了不同贮藏条件（不同温度和密封程度）对多种饲料油脂品质和脂肪酸变化的影响，以及不同抗氧化剂对饲料油脂的抗氧化效果。基于UPLC-MS检测了高脂挤压水产饲料高温加工前后发生变化的关键物质，初步筛选了有关油脂氧化的有害物。