马铃薯粉痂病抗病基因筛选及资源评价

Powdery scab of potato caused by Spongospora subterranean f. sp. subterranean(Sss) occurs world-wide in potato growing areas and can transmit potato mop-top virus. Recently the occurrence of disease was speed up with the growth of susceptible cultivars and the increase of irrigation. Due to seed and soil borne nature of the pathogen, the application of pesticides for control of potato diseases had little effects on powdery scab, which is likely to be very costly, and may be environmentally unacceptable. The best approach to powdery scab control is host resistance. At present,the research of resistant evaluation is deficient in internal.So, the resistance to powdery scab in current potato cultivars and resistance gene screenong are necessary..Aim to the current situation that the disease is occurred seriously and controlled difficult, while the resistant of current potato cultivars is unclear, the research will evaluate the resistance to the cultivars resource, in order to definite the cultivar resistant, and screen well resistance material for further practical application.SSH library of differently expressed cDNA was constructed, in which the resistance genes to powdery scab was screened. The temporal and induced expression were studied by Real-time PCR or Northern blot. The research will rich the resistance gene bank of plant disease, which is also expected to acquire good resistance germplasm resources that can be established the foundation for subsequent breeding for disease resistace.

马铃薯粉痂病由马铃薯粉痂菌（Spongospora subterranea）引起，在全世界马铃薯产区广泛发生并传播马铃薯PMTV病毒。感病品种的大面积种植及灌溉的利用加速了病害的发生。马铃薯粉痂病是土传和种传病害，常用杀菌剂对其作用极小，且土壤处理成本高，易对环境造成污染，利用品种抗性是最有效的防治途径。目前，国内缺乏对该病害的抗性评价研究，对目前栽培品种进行抗性评价并进行抗病基因筛选十分必要。 .本项目针对马铃薯粉痂病发生严重，防治困难，现有品种抗性模糊的现状，拟对现有品种资源进行抗性评价，明确品种抗性水平，筛选获得抗性资源，为进一步实际应用奠定基础；同时构建抑制性消减cDNA文库，筛选马铃薯粉痂病抗病基因，研究其时空表达及诱导表达特性。本研究将丰富植物抗病基因库，有望筛选获得抗性种质资源，为后续的抗病育种工作奠定基础。

马铃薯粉痂病是世界范围的土传病害，本项目针对粉痂病发生严重、防治困难的现状，对马铃薯粉痂病抗病基因、种质资源抗性筛选及防控技术等方面进行了研究，主要结果如下：.1. 根据已知的NBS-LRR类R基因的保守区域-P-loop(MGGVGKTT)和“GLPL”(GLPL AL)设计简并引物来发掘马铃薯NBS-LRR类抗粉痂病基因，得到6个跟马铃薯抗病基因相关的片段，并克隆到1个马铃薯抗病基因PP1基因片段，全长517 bp，包括一个513 bp 的完整开放阅读框，编码171个氨基酸，分析其功能并构建原核表达载体；对品种合作88和米拉进行转录组测序，获得差异基因并进行验证。.2. 累计评价种质资源116份，基本明确了云南省主栽品种的抗性水平。其中表现为高抗的材料13份，占评价品种（系）11.21%，抗病材料37份，占31.90%，感病材料35份，占30.17%，高感材料31份，占26.72%。2年评价的品种比较发现，米拉均表现高抗；会薯9号等7个品种均表现抗病；丽薯1105等4个品种则分别表现高抗或抗病。对照品种合作88等6个品种均表现高感；青薯9号等14个品种均表现感病；S10-642等4个品种在两年的评价中分别表现高感或感病。丽薯14等9个品种则在两年的评价中表现的抗性不一致，还需要进一步的研究确认。.3. 选取6种药剂对马铃薯粉痂病进行盆栽防控试验，结果表明处理12、13即50%嘧菌环胺水分散粒剂的防治效果明显，防效分别为84%和75.5%；处理5、6即325g/L 苯醚甲环唑•嘧菌酯悬浮剂对产量影响较大，减产分别为66.7%和84.4%。.4. 田间防控试验分别于2014年和2015年进行，其中2014年选用辣根素水乳剂（A）、多肽保(B)、红土运(C)、菊花杆(D)，防效分别为9.09%、8.32%、12.13%、10.59%，其中处理C防效最好。2015年选用辣根素水乳剂（A）、宁盾微生物菌剂（B）、叶斑宁（C）、有机肥（D），防治效果分别为10.04%、16.24%、30.72%、38.99%，其中处理C即叶斑宁药剂35.41ml，兑水35升，在马铃薯播种出苗和现蕾期分别灌根防效最好。.5. 发表论文2篇，SCI论文尚未发表，正在撰写中；培养研究生2名，1名已完成答辩，1名预计2017年答辩。