功能菌群优化对甲醛生化降解增强作用及其机理研究

In recent years, the low concentration formaldehyde waste gas purification treatment has become one of the domestic and international air pollution control technology research in the field of hot topic and difficult problem..The project group in the biological purification of formaldehyde waste gas in low concentration found that dominant microflora was Pseudomonas putida, Thermus, Sphingolipid coli, Proteus and Sphingosine bacillus and two pure strains of Pseudomonas putida and Sphingosine Bacillus had been successfully separated which had strong degradation ability of formaldehyde. .Combining with previous research foundation and experience and usinge a small biofilm packing tower and liquid formaldehyde biological treatment composite experimental system, the project carryed out some applied basic research such as gas-liquid phase formaldehyde degrading predominant microflora of structure optimization, tower biofilm and circulation of liquid formaldehyde degrading characteristics and flora structure succession, dominant bacteria group of related mechanism of formaldehyde degradation process, composite biochemical reactor for purifying formaldehyde performance maximization research. Which had strengthen the composite biochemical reactor for degradation of formaldehyde gas application technology method, and provided effective technical support for the control of the low concentration formaldehyde gas pollution. The research had a significant role in promoting on low concentration formaldehyde pollution control.

近年来，低浓度甲醛废气的净化处理已成为国内外大气污染治理技术研究领域中的热点课题和难题之一。.本项目组在生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气的研究中发现，优势菌群以恶臭假单胞菌、栖热菌、鞘脂杆菌、变形杆菌和新鞘氨醇杆菌等为主，并成功分离了对甲醛均有较强的降解能力的恶臭假单胞菌和新鞘氨醇杆菌两株纯菌株。.本项目拟结合前期研究基础和经验，运用小型生物膜填料塔和液相甲醛生物处理复合实验系统，开展兼顾气液相甲醛高效降解优势菌群的结构优化研究、塔内生物膜与循环液中甲醛降解菌群的特性及菌群结构演替研究、优势菌群降解甲醛的相关过程机理研究、复合生化反应器对甲醛净化性能的最大化研究等方面的应用基础研究，强化复合生化反应器降解甲醛废气应用技术方法，为控制低浓度甲醛气体污染提供有效的技术支撑。研究的成果将对低浓度甲醛废气污染控制具有重大促进作用。

本项目组在生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气的研究中发现，复合生化反应器系统内优势菌群以假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和嗜甲基菌属(Methylophilus)和鞘氨醇单胞菌(Sphingopyxis)等为主。随着复合生化反应器的正常运行，系统内微生物菌群发生变化，优势菌群呈现增加的趋势；当复合生化反应器净化甲醛废气效果稳定时，优势功能菌群C1：C2：C3的结构比例为40:30:30。.本项目结合前期研究基础和经验，运用小型生物膜填料塔和液相甲醛生物处理复合实验系统，复合生化反应器对甲醛净化性能的最大化研究当气体流量为0.3m3/h、进口气体浓度为400mg/m3左右时，接触氧化池+生物膜填料塔的组合装置工艺对甲醛废气有最大净化性能，其最大生化去除量可达到14.18 mg/L•h。强化复合生化反应器降解甲醛废气应用技术方法，为控制低浓度甲醛气体污染提供有效的技术支撑。.本项目研究采用GC-MS分析鉴定和酶联免疫检测方法对优势功能菌假单胞菌(Pseudomonas)和嗜甲基菌属(Methylophilus)降解甲醛的相关过程机理进行了研究，验证了甲醛降解途径主要是丝氨酸同化途径和核酮糖单磷酸途径(RuMP)，为生物法净化低浓度甲醛废气研究提供理论支持。