城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化优化路径研究

Facing various global resource depletion and environmental problems, to develop urban function ecologicalization is one essential way of regional sustainable development, thus, study on urban function ecologicalization has become one strategic requirement of national economic development. The integrated management of municipal wastes which can reduce environmental pollution burdens and extract recycling resources from the wastes provides the best study view for urban function ecologicalization. This project takes Qingdao West-coast Economic New Area as study area. Firstly, a conceptual model of urban function ecologicalization from the view of municipal wastes management and an environmental and economic effect evaluation model of the integrated management of municipal wastes will be established. Based on these, we will establish an evaluation model of urban function ecologicalization from the view of the integrated management of municipal wastes which will be used to evaluate the urban function ecologicalization status of Qingdao West-coast Economic New Area. Then, we will establish a simulation model of urban function ecologicalization using system dynamics, with that, the social, economic and environmental factors related to municipal wastes management will be integrated into a system to dynamic simulate the development of urban function ecologicalization. Our goal is to propose an urban function optimal ecologicalization pathway. We expect that our research outcomes can provide policy advices and scientific supports to China’s construction of new urbanization and ecological civilization.

面对日益严峻的全球性资源环境危机，城市功能生态化成为解决区域可持续发展问题的根本途径，是当前国家经济发展的战略需要。而既能降低环境污染，亦能提取循环资源的城市废弃物综合管理能为城市功能生态化研究提供最佳视角。本项目以国家级新区青岛西海岸新区为研究案例区，构建了城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化概念模型、城市废弃物综合管理的环境、经济效应评价模型，据此，构建了城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化评价模型，并对青岛西海岸新区新型城镇化建设过程中城市废弃物管理及城市功能生态化发展水平进行评价分析。然后，利用系统动力学建模方法，建立城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化动态仿真模型，将城市废弃物综合管理全过程的社会、经济及环境因素纳入一个系统进行仿真分析，提出城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化优化路径，为青岛西海岸新区乃至中国新型城镇化和生态文明建设提供政策建议及科学支撑。

垃圾源头分类不仅能提升垃圾资源化利用效率，而且能减少垃圾处理量，是目前制约我国城市废弃物综合管理效率的关键因素。在全球资源短缺、环境污染日趋严重的背景下，城市废弃物综合管理效率的提高，能够改善城市的环境功能、经济功能和社会功能，进而推进城市功能生态化发展。本研究从西海岸新区城市废弃物污染特征和资源化利用现状出发，构建了城市废弃物综合管理的全生命周期能值评价模型并进行分析评价，结果表明，从2013-2018年，西海岸新区城市废弃物综合管理的总能值量从5.53E+19seJ增加到1.02E+20seJ；环境影响总能值，由1.49E+19seJ增加到1.93E+19seJ，增长了22.8%；产出效率从4.29%增加到102.98%。在此基础上采用雷达图综合分析法评价了城市废弃物综合管理视野下的城市功能生态化水平。在研究期间，西海岸新区城市功能生态化水平由0.2891上升到0.4720。最后，利用地理信息系统学科相关知识和运筹学中的图论知识对西海岸新区垃圾集运车收运路线进行优化。优化后可降低收运时间、总行驶路线及成本88.78%。本课题的研究方法和结果可为西海岸新区乃至其他城市进行垃圾综合管理提供科学指导，为城市生态文明建设提供政策建议及科学支撑。