生态文明视野下的花园城市运动及其中国实践

The idea system of Garden City(several translations in Chinese)，rooted in UK, is one of important constituent parts of human ecological civilization. Along the development process from “housing improvement”, “industrial model village”, “garden city (suburb, village, community)”, “house & town planning”, “garden city & town planning” to “town & country planning”, Garden city movement has derived gradually many new ideas, such as “healthy city”, “livable city”, “green city”, “ecological city”, “technological city”, “intelligent city”, “sustainable city”, “suburb town”, “satellite town”, “neighbourhood” etc.. The 21st century new garden city movement has gradually shaped since 2010 with the specialty on new ideas for city management..In order to carry forward the ecological civilization construction in China, it is necessary to use the experience of both UK and international garden city movement for reference, to thoroughly understand the idea’ substance of both garden city and 21st century new garden city movement, to discuss how to absorb the reasonable principle of garden city’s idea that can be suitably practiced in China as well as the specific imagination for practicing, to provide the available or potential successful cases and facts for proving China’s contribution to international garden city movement.

源起于英国的花园城市（有多种汉译）理念体系，是人类生态文明的重要组成部分。沿着“住房改善"→"工业范式村"→"花园城市(郊区、村镇、社区)"→"住房与城镇规划"→"花园城市与城镇规划"→"城乡规划”发展轨迹的花园城市运动，不断衍生出诸如“健康城市”、“宜居城市”、“绿色城市”、“生态城市”、“技术化城市”、“智慧城市”、“紧凑城市”、“可持续发展城市”、“郊区城”、“卫星城”、“邻里分区”等新理念。2010年以来逐渐形成了以城镇管理新思维为特色的21世纪新花园城市运动。.为了推进中国生态文明建设，有必要借鉴英国暨国际“花园城市运动”的经验，全面认识花园城市暨21世纪新花园城市运动的理念实质，总结花园城市运动在近代中国的实践历程、经验与教训，探讨如何正确吸收花园城市理念可在中国因地制宜地实施的合理原则及其具体构想，为证明国际花园城市运动的中国贡献而提供现有或潜在的成功案例与事实依据。

本项目主要研究内容：（1）英国花园城镇运动及其近现代城乡规划、（2）中国传统城镇规划理念。.本项目重要结果与学术意义：（1）近现代城乡规划源起于花园城镇运动，花园城镇运动暨城乡规划是为了解决由工业化、城镇化所导致城镇污染、城镇贫民窟等问题，因此，城乡规划是规划绿色宜居可持续发展的城市与乡村，而不是去规划城镇化。因此“城镇化规划”的理念需要更正。（2）中国学术界在吸收英格兰花园城镇运动的学术成果方面，还需要做更细致深入的工作。（3）发现中国传统城镇规划理念不存在都城中轴线思想，因此，“北京中轴线”申遗项目有悖于世界遗产精神。因为毛（中轴线）之不存，皮（“北京中轴线”的价值、意义、特性……）将安傅？（4）在国内外花园城镇调研中，发现一些重要的历史信息，与并搜集到一些尚未公布的重要历史档案，有待进一步研究公布。.由于受新冠疫情影响，无法完成国内外（尤其是国内）花园城镇的调研任务，特申请延续两年结题。