污水深度脱氮生物膜快速形成微观过程及活化研究

Around the significant need of deep denitrification of wastewater with high efficiency and low consumption and the key constraints and scientific problems in the micro process of rapid formation and activation of biofilm on the surface of filter material, this study is to systematically carry out researches on aspects of the microcosmic formation process and evolution law of biofilm on filter material, nitrogen transformation, electron transport of functional microbials and principles of promoting microcosmic actions on microorganism-associated interface via chemical and biological enhancements by a comprehensive application of methods of advanced optical real-time imaging, electrochemical analysis, high-throughput sequencing and interface characterization, taking denitrification biofilter as the research object and relying on the previous series of successful research results. A series of new methods of deep denitrification-oriented micro and in situ quantitative monitoring of biofilm on the surface of filter material, micromechanism of rapid formation of biofilm and micronode control-based biofilm activation, are expected to be developed through the study.

围绕高效低耗污水深度脱氮的重大需求，聚焦滤料表面生物膜快速形成微观过程及活化关键制约因素及科学问题，以反硝化生物滤池为研究对象，依托前期系列成功研究结果，综合运用先进的光学实时成像、电化学分析、微生物高通量测序以及新型界面特性分析与表征方法，系统开展对滤料表面生物膜的微观形成过程及发展演变规律、氮元素转化、功能微生物电子传递、化学和生物增强促进微生物关联界面微观作用原理等方面的应用基础研究，研究形成具有微观解析特色的面向污水深度脱氮滤料表面生物膜微观原位定量监测、生物膜快速形成微观机理及基于微观节点控制的生物膜活化系列新方法。

项目针对高效低耗污水深度脱氮的重大需求，聚焦滤料表面生物膜快速形成微观过程及活化关键制约因素及科学问题，创新了基于生物膜生物量、结构、活性同步监测的生物膜微观原位研究方法及系统，系统开展滤料表面生物膜的微观形成过程及发展演变规律研究，识别了生物膜形成微观过程的关键节点，发展了基于XDLVO总相互作用能二次最小值的生物膜微观形成分区理论；重点针对增强界面作用力的调优目标，提出“鼠李糖脂预膜、钙离子消除EPS负反馈”的成膜增强新原理及方法，进一步拓展研发基于微生态调控的滤料表面生物膜活化方法，实现典型微量有机毒物影响下深度脱氮反硝化滤池的快速启动和高效稳定运行，形成污水深度脱氮生物膜新生态构建方法体系，为污（废）水深度净化生物膜法理论和技术的发展提供有益指导。