农户分化背景下需求导向型农技推广机制研究

This project revolves around the agricultural technology differences demand of different agricultural operator, research the problems of China's agricultural extension mechanism innovation, and construct a demand-led mechanism of agricultural extension which can improve the matching of agricultural technology supply and demand. First of all, based on the analyses of agricultural extension system's development course and current situation, identify the features of agricultural extension; and recognize different agricultural operator's demand features according to the survey of technology demand; then, based on the matching evaluation of technology supply and demand, exposit the challenge result from the technology demand differences of different agricultural operator, and the necessity of construct the demand-led mechanism of agricultural extension. In the second place, based on the analyses of agricultural extension's process, influence and typical cases, the project systematical illuminated the theoretical connotation, construction principles and key link of the demand-led mechanism of agricultural extension, then demonstrated the system architecture, operation mechanism and institutional conditions of the demand-led mechanism of agricultural extension, from the perspectives of factor structure, implement process and operating environment. Finally, explored the pattern, operate project and evolving trend of agricultural extension that matching the demand features of agricultural operator from the perspectives of static comparison and dynamic evolution, then based on the learning of developed countries' innovative experiences of agricultural extension, quested the safeguard conditions of the operation of demand-led agricultural extension mechanism.

本项目以不同农业经营主体农技需求的差异性为切入点，深入探究我国农技推广机制创新问题，系统论证了有效提升农技供求匹配性的需求导向型农技推广机制的构建及实施问题。首先，在分析我国农技推广体系的成长历程及发展现状，明晰农技推广机制运行特征，并通过农户农技需求调查，辨识不同农业经营主体农技需求特征的基础上，通过农技供求契合度评价，揭示农业经营主体技术需求差异化带来的挑战，以及构建需求导向型农技推广机制的必要性。其次，在对农技推广过程、作用角色及典型案例剖析的基础上，系统阐释需求导向型农技推广机制的理论内涵、构建原则及关键环节，并从要素结构、实施过程及运营环境的维度论证需求导向型农技推广机制的系统架构、运行机理及制度条件。最后，在静态比较及动态演进视角下，探析了同农业经营主体农技需求特征相匹配的农技推广模式、实施方案及演进趋势，并借鉴国外经验，论证需求导向型农技推广机制实施的保障条件。

农技推广机制创新的关键在于同其应用环境的变化特征相适应。农技推广环境中最显著的变化在于农户分化形成的不同农业经营主体对技术内容、交易方式、供给主体、服务规模等方面的需求呈现结构性、规模性差异。. 本项目在辨识我国农技推广机制现状、供给特征、推广效率分析的基础上，探究了不同农业经营主体的技术需求特征、获取途径、需求意愿及影响因素；通过构建农技供求契合度模型评价了我国农技推广机制的实践效果，在优化方案和创新案例比较的基础上辨析了需求导向的必要性和优势所在；在系统论证需求导向型农技推广机制理论内涵、系统架构及运营模式的基础上，通过系统动力学建模与仿真探求了其运行机理、实践效果及关键环节；最后在国际经验借鉴的基础上探索了需求导向型农技推广机制运行的保障条件。. 研究结果表明，现阶段我国农技推广效果不断改善，但多元化、高效率、可持续的农技推广机制尚未形成。不同类型农业经营主体的技术需求行为及影响因素呈现显著差异，忽视农业经营主体技术需求行为的传统农技推广模式的供求契合度水平较低，是制约农技推广效率提升的关键因素。围绕农户需求进行的国内外农技推广实践，以及系统动力学仿真分析均显示了需求导向型农技推广模式的优势所在。需求导向型农技推广机制包括研发系统、推广系统和农户系统，运行过程包括方案准备、问题分析、推广实施、成果扩散与信息反馈等环节。面向不同农业经营主体的需求导向型农技推广机制的构建与实施需要从组织结构、推广模式、服务主体、交易方式等方面对上述环节进行优化。. 本项目从畅通农户需求信息反馈渠道、明确推广利益相关者角色分工、提供差异化农技推广服务、培育应用性农技使用主体等方面提出的保障性措施，对于需求导向型农技推广机制的构建与实施具有参考价值。