多相永磁同步电机全速度范围无速度传感器控制技术研究

Thanks to their low torque ripple , high reliability, and lower power rating requirement to individual power electronic devices, multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) have gained more and more attention in high power or safety-crucial applications, such as more electric aircraft, electric vehicle, ship propulsion,etc .Meanwhile, the sensorless control of a multi-phase machine aims to remove the position sensor, which is susceptible to electro-magnetic noise, and therefore can further enchance the reliablity of the drive. Currently most of the methods for multi-phase motor sensorless control are best suitable for medium or high speeds, and the methods for zero and low speeds are in their early stage of investigation. To this end, a novel sensorless control method for multi-phase PMSMs that can estimate the rotor position from zero to high speeds is proposed here.Along with the space decomposition approach, the new method makes use of the natural space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) waveforms of a multi-phase converter for excitation of the saturaton saliency within a multi-phase PMSM,so as to realize its high performance sensorless control .The research will start from the modelling of a multi-phase PMSM considering its saturation saliency effect.Then the theory and implementation method of employing the SVPWM waveform to estimate the rotor position both in the fundamental space plane and in the harmonic space plane of the machine will be studied. Finally a multi-phase PMSM test bench will be set up to validate the proposed position estimation theory,and its full speed range sensorless control under different loading conditions will be demonstrated.

多相永磁同步电机具有转矩脉动小、可靠性高、对电力电子器件容量要求较低等优点，非常适合大功率或可靠性要求高的场合,如多电飞机﹑电动汽车﹑舰船推进等。多相电机的无速度传感器控制取消了易受干扰的速度传感器，可以进一步提高系统的可靠性。目前多相电机的无速度传感器控制方法多适用于中﹑高速段，而适于低速段的方法还停留在理论探讨阶段。本项目将研究一种多相永磁同步电机从零速到高速运行的无速度传感器控制新方法。这种新的无位置传感器控制方法利用多相变流器的空间电压调制波形激励多相永磁电机的饱和凸极效应，结合多相电机的多维空间分解，实现此类电机高性能的无速度传感器运行。项目将研究考虑凸极效应后多相永磁同步电机的数学建模，探索在多相永磁电机的基波空间和谐波空间利用多相变流器的空间电压调制波形进行从零速到额定速范围内位置估测的原理和实现方法，最后将搭建一个多相永磁电机的实验平台，并在平台上对位置估测原理进行验证。

多相电机非常适用于对可靠性要求严苛或大功率的场合，而实现多相电机的无速度传感器控制，则可以进一步地提高整个系统的可靠性。为此，本项目研究一种利用多相逆变器的PWM电压波形激励来实现转子位置估测的新方法。为此，本课题进行了计及凸极效应的6相永磁同步电机-变流器系统的建模方法、利用PWM波形激励进行6相永磁同步电机的转子估计及其实验验证等方面的研究。经过这些研究，得到了如下主要进展：1. 建立了完整的6相永磁同步电机-变流器系统的数学和双闭环控制模型；2. 推导了6相永磁同步电机利用PWM激励进行转子位置估测的算法，并进行了完整的仿真验证；3. 利用准-谐振控制器抑制了6相永磁同步电机中的谐波电流；4. 搭建了完整的6相永磁同步电机驱动系统测试平台；5. 初步实验验证了所提的无速度传感器控制算法的有效性。通过这个项目的研究，利用理论、仿真和实验证明了所提出的6相永磁同步电机新型转子位置估测算法的可行性，这种方法也可以推广到其他的多相电机，从而为提高多相电机驱动系统的可靠性提供了一条新的思路。