基于WRS设计政府主导的多元化农技推广体系协同机制研究

Abstract: This study targets at the present situation where the service of government-led public welfare agricultural technology extension system operates in low efficiency and the diversified subjects operate in disorder. This study is oriented towards the farmers' technology demand-pull and the push forwards of national agricultural technology innovation and employees the WRS methodology which solves the problem of complex huge system and establishes the three-dimensional model of WRS-WULI,RENLI,SHILI. The objective is to unfold the factors that influence and control collaborative diversified subject in every dimension of agricultural technology extension system. Based on the principle of government decentralization-collaborated governance, and organization design theories, the study designs the three-level government function framework-central government-province-county, establishes the SP-PR-CA model of public welfare extension subject hierarchical organization management. Based on the leadership attribution theory, this study establishes the selection and performance appraisal system of leadership of county agro-technology extension in regional stations. Based on the double factor motivation theory, this study will improve the dynamic management and incentive mechanism of grass-root agricultural technology extension staff in order to enhance the public welfare service capability in regional stations. Based on the joint meeting system, the research on the mode of marketization operation of diversified subject establishes a new system of agro-technology extension system with regional stations as the core and the joint meeting system as the ties with diversified subjects in collaborated order. Take Qian'an, Hebei as a case study，this study undertakes the empirical researches. It is in order to offer theory and practice reference to the reformation of agro-technology extension system in the new period.

针对当前我国政府公益性农技推广体系服务效率低下，且各个多元推广主体间运转无序的现状，本研究以农民技术需求拉动和国家农业技术创新推动为导向,基于解决复杂巨系统问题的WRS方法论，建立农技推广的物理（W）、人理（R）、事理（S）WRS三维制度-机制模型。坚持政府分权--协同治理思想，依据组织设计原理，在中央、省、县三级政府职能框架下，构建政府公益性推广主体分层组织管理的SP-PR-CA模型；基于领导归因理论，建立县域农技推广区域站站长选拔和绩效考评制度；基于双因素激励理论，完善基层农技推广人员动态管理与考评激励机制，以提升区域站公益性服务能力；基于联席会议制度设计并探究多元主体市场化协同运作模式，构建以区域站为核心，以联席会议制度为纽带的多元主体协同有序的新型农技推广体系；最后，以河北省迁安市为试点进行实证研究。以期为新时期多元化农技推广体系改革提供理论与实践参考。

在传统农业向现代农业转型期，农业社会化服务需求更加多样化。但当前我国政府公益性农技推广服务动能不足、多元推广服务主体协作低效，高质量农技推广服务供给严重不足，亟待推进推广服务供给侧结构性改革。对此，本课题从农技推广WRS三维体系模型构建、政府公益性农技推广主体分层组织管理模型及协同运行机制设计、以县域农技推广区域站为核心的多元推广主体协同运行机制设计三方面入手，并选取河北省迁安市为研究试点进行验证性实证分析，基于WSR方法论、超循环理论和协同治理思想，综合运用多因素评分优选法、关键绩效指标法、模糊综合评价法等分析方法对调研数据进行统计分析。研究结果及结论如下：. 第一，构建了以人为核心的农技推广WRS三维体系模型，并重构了组织化的农业推广框架模型，形成了研究现代农业背景下农技推广的基本思路，即“农业发展环境—农业推广系统主客体的结构关系—农业推广系统中主客体的作用过程—农业科技进步和产业化的快速发展”。. 第二，基于协同治理思想和组织设计原理，提出了我国政府公益性农技推广组织架构优化路径，构建了农技推广区域站站长及农技推广人员绩效考评体系。研究结果表明，科学构建考评体系是完善区域站制度建设的必然选择，也印证了农技推广WRS三维体系模型在评价指标体系设计与构建中的科学性与指导性。. 第三，本研究明确了多元化农业推广体系符合超循环系统的开放性、自适应性、突变性和选择评价性等特征，由此构建了农技推广服务协同供给意愿影响因素模型，模型分析结果显示，技术环境的回归系数最大(0.709)，即技术进步是农技推广服务协同供给的前提与基础。. 第四，以河北省迁安市为研究试点，验证了制度设计的科学性和有效性，并在推广实践中构建了“金字塔”型农技推广组织架构。实证研究表明，该制度设计有助于转变政府公益性农技推广的职能定位，实现政府农技推广服务与种养大户、家庭农场、合作社、农业产业化联合体等新型经营主体的有效衔接。