面向多样化服务定制的多态路由机制研究

The traditional routing system well completes the task of network interconnection and data transfer for its simple and robust characteristics. However, in the face of diverse service requirements, the routing system of rigid structure and single function is powerless. How to improve the service ability of the routing system indifferent business characteristics and the changing quality of the service demand has become an urgent problem to solve..Based on decomposition and composition, the traditional routing protocols and network services are divided into the basic functional units, called routing atomic capacities. The customized polymorphic routing protocol is derived through the composition of different routing atomic capacity instances. The key of polymorphic routing model consists of three parts. The first is the description of routing service requirement, called routing service description, which expresses the requirements of applications desired by PR model. The second is base state routing which is the set of routing atomic capabilities. The third is the polymorphic derivation, which is the key to realize from the base state routing to the polymorphic routing. The model enables the network to self-adjust routing services dynamically to adapt to the different requirements of applications,supports coexistence of multiple routing modes and communication paradigms..In detail, three aspects are involved. Firstly, we design the polymorphic routing model for customized diverse services; present the conception of routingatomic capabilities and provides the method of mathematical expression. Secondly, we analyze the problem of the function composition， and design the function orchestration mechanism. Thirdly, we focus on the polymorphic routing prototype system which can support the coexistence of different network architectures and routing protocols. Based on the prototype system, we verify the theory and technology of the polymorphic routing..Based on our researches, the diverse service providing capabilities of the network would be improved, which could provide a feasible academic support for the research of the future network architecture.

传统路由系统以其简单健壮特性很好地完成网络互连和数据传递任务，但面对多样化服务需求，结构固定和功能单一的路由系统显得力不从心。如何在千变万化的业务特性和千差万别的服务需求下提高路由的服务能力成为当前亟待解决的问题。.本课题基于功能分解组合思想，将传统网络服务和路由协议分解为基本功能单元，建立一种新型多态路由模型，通过路由结构的自组织和功能的自调节，实现网络和业务之间的自匹配以及为业务提供定制化服务。.课题着重从三个方面展开研究：一是建立面向多样化服务定制的多态路由模型，提出路由元能力概念，给出路由元能力的数学描述方法，将网络服务和路由能力划分为细粒度网络功能单元；二是分析网络功能组合问题，设计路由元能力的编排和服务路径选择机制；三是研究多态路由原型系统，对多态路由理论和技术进行验证。.通过本课题的研究，将进一步提高网络多样化服务能力，为新型网络体系研究提供切实可行的理论基础和指导。

路由协议和技术是互联网的基线技术之一，传统尽力而为的路由协议和技术以其简单健壮特性很好地完成了网络互连和数据传递任务。随着互联网应用种类的范围的不断拓展，网络服务能力和服务需求之间的矛盾愈加突出。项目以可重构和可编程思想为基础，基于功能分解和组合方法，将传统网络服务和路由协议分解为基本功能单元，建立了一种新型的多态路由模型，通过路由结构的自组织和功能的自调节，实现网络和业务之间的自匹配以及为业务提供定制化服务，以有限的服务能力应对多样化的服务需求。项目取得的研究成果主要有：（1）针对多样化的服务需求与传统僵化封闭的路由服务能力之间的矛盾，建立和完善了面向多样化服务的多态路由模型，定义网络路由的基本“微内核”构建基态路由，基于基态路由进行组合构建多态路由实例，从而使得网络基础互联传输能力得以动态增强，并且支持网络的多模多态共存。（2）提出了针对不同场景的服务功能链部署算法，在降低服务功能链部署所需带宽的同时，优化了节点负载和链路带宽的均衡度，可以支持更多的服务请求，且复杂度低，具有较高的时效性。（3）提出了一种基于审计的被控交换机容忍（ACST）方案，该方案在交换机不可信的情况下，容忍受损交换机和处理交换机误导现象。（4）提出了一种基于深度强化学习的智能路由技术 SmartPath。SmartPath 基于 SDN 网络架构结合深度强化学习技术，通过控制器动态收集网络状态信息，在控制器上运行智能路由应用生成动态路由策略跟踪网络流量分布，从而达到动态智能路由效果。这项研究的科学意义在于未来网络路由协议和技术研究提供了一种新的范式。