石墨烯半导体超疏水涂层的构筑及其绝缘子防覆冰性能研究

Surface icing of insulators tends to cause serious problems such as flash over and the following blackout accident, which affects the safety operation of power grid. The semiconductive superhydrophobic coating attempts to exploit the advantages of superhydrophobic coating and semiconductive coating, and then realize superhydrophobicity/electric heating synergistic anti-icing. However, there are some mutual constraints of construction mechanism between superhydrophobic and semiconductive properties, and the key is how to let the coating have both of these two properties. Based on the graphene conductive superhydrophobic coating and nonconductive superhydrophobic coating the applicant have fabricated, the contents of this project include: 1. by regulating the electric heating property with hydrophobic graphene and regulating the hydrophobic property with hydrophobic graphene and hydrophobic silica micro-nano particles, the semiconductive superhydrophobic coating will be prepared and the formation mechanism will be studied; 2. from the micro angle of water drops’ motion characteristic and macro angle of the insulator surface’s icing morphology, the superhydrophobicity/electric heating synergistic anti-icing mechanism will be systematically studied; 3. the semiconductive superhydrophobic anti-icing method with switch-off effect will be established, and the mechanism of switch-off effect on decreasing energy consumption and improving the coating’s performance will be studied. This project aims to develop a kind of superhydrophobicity/electric heating synergistic anti-icing method with engineering value, which will offer theoretical basis and technical support for improving the insulators’ anti-icing performance.

绝缘子覆冰易导致绝缘子闪络跳闸进而引起停电事故，严重影响电网的安全运行。半导体超疏水涂层试图同时发挥超疏水涂层和半导体涂层的优势，实现超疏水/电热协同防覆冰。但是超疏水性和半导体性的构筑机理存在一定的相互制约，如何使涂层兼具这两个性能是关键点。本项目在预研制备出石墨烯导电超疏水涂层和绝缘超疏水涂层的基础上，内容包括：1. 应用疏水性石墨烯调控涂层电热性能，应用疏水性二氧化硅微纳米颗粒辅助疏水性石墨烯调控涂层疏水性能，制备出半导体超疏水涂层并探究其构筑机理；2. 从微观过冷水滴运动变化过程和宏观绝缘子表面覆冰形貌两个角度，系统地揭示超疏水/电热协同防覆冰的机理；3. 建立具有开断效应的半导体超疏水防覆冰方法，研究开断效应对于降低能耗和提升涂层性能的作用机制。本项目旨在开发一种具有工程应用价值的超疏水/电热协同防覆冰方法，为提升绝缘子防覆冰性能提供理论基础和技术支持。

绝缘子覆冰易导致绝缘子闪络跳闸进而引起停电事故，严重影响电网的安全运行。本项目基本按照申请时的研究方案进行，并且顺利完成了项目计划的内容。系统地研究了超疏水涂层的机械稳定性，提出了一种溶解-再固化的方法，可以显著地提升超疏水涂层的耐磨性。系统地研究了石墨烯材料的导电特性，在此基础上应用溶解-再固化的方法制备了基于石墨烯的超疏水弹性体，即使在400%形变的情况下仍然能够保持超疏水。应用疏水性石墨烯调控涂层电热性能，应用疏水性二氧化硅微纳米颗粒辅助疏水性石墨烯调控涂层疏水性能，制备出半导体超疏水涂层并探究其构筑机理；从微观过冷水滴运动变化过程和宏观绝缘子表面覆冰形貌两个角度，系统地揭示超疏水/电热协同防覆冰的机理。在半导体超疏水涂层的研究基础上，进一步引入了自修复材料和光热的概念，实现了具有本征自修复性能的超疏水/电热/光热协同作用防覆冰。