纤维编织的可穿戴智能发电织物的研究

Triboelectric nanogenerators (TENG) have recently been used to harvest mechanical energy from surrounding environment which is of great significance in the field of energy conversion. However, both the dense film and nanofiber based TENG, the wearability and durability of which cannot be achieved. Woven fabric based TENG fabricated by general fiber, and combined with fabric electrode, showed a good prospect in the field of power clothing. This project mainly focused on the influence of fabric thickness and morphology, woven structure, weave density on the performance of TENG; the coating technology which was used to improve the performance of TENG by modifying the surface of the general fiber would be studied; the effect of coating morphology, coating thickness, hygroscopicity, electronegativity and charge retention on the output signal of TENG would be systematically discussed; the conductivity and structure of the flexible woven fabric electrode would also be investigated. The relative theory and mechanism about fabric based TNEG need to be studied further.

摩擦纳米发电机可以将环境中的机械能转化为电能而受到关注。目前无论是致密的薄膜基还是多孔的纳米纤维基摩擦纳米发电机，都无法很好的满足可穿戴性和耐久性。以通用纤维为摩擦功能材料，并结合织物基电极结构，构建可编织的织物型纳米发电机，在实现可发电智能服装领域具有很好的应用前景。本项目主要研究织物厚度、编织结构、纱织密度、织物形貌等对织物基摩擦纳米发电机输出信号的影响；采用涂层包覆技术，对通用纤维进行表面修饰，考察不同电化学性质涂层的表面形貌、涂层厚度、吸湿性、电荷保持特性，得失电子能力对摩擦纳米发电机输出信号的影响规律，从而制备出具有较高信号输出的织物基摩擦纳米发电机；构建导电性良好，可编织的柔性织物电极，考察电极结构、形态等因素对摩擦纳米发电机输出信号的影响，进而提高对织物基摩擦纳米发电机工作机制的认识并形成相关理论。

摩擦纳米发电机（TENG）可以将环境中的机械能转化为电能而受到广泛关注。纤维基摩擦纳米发电机由于其柔性和透气性，有望应用于可穿戴电子器件的供能系统和构建自驱动传感器件。本项目以提高纤维基摩擦纳米发电机输出性能为目的，提出了一种以导电尼龙纱线为原料，利用工业化的针织设备，设计和制备具有跟普通织物一样优点的TENG纺织品的策略。将该TENG织物与层压复合织物结合时，就实现了独立模式TENG纺织品的构建。通过对TENG织物的组织形貌和层压织物的表面形貌进行优化，显著提高了TENG输出的性能。进一步地，通过静电纺丝的方法，制备了以导电尼龙纱线为芯层，PVDF和PHBV为皮层的皮芯结构摩擦纳米发电纱线，并以此设计了具有触觉传感功能和能量收集功能的TENG织物。通过同轴静电纺丝方法，调控无机纳米粒子在纤维中的分散性，增强其介电性能，输出性能得到明显提升。项目研究成果对于发展可穿戴电子设备具有现实的意义，具有很好的应用前景。