导航测角中基于容积准则的量子相位跟踪关键问题研究

Real-time tracking of phase information is one of the core issues of radio navigation parameters acquisition such as the direction of arrival (DOA). Traditional phase tracking technology becomes a bottleneck to the accuracy and safety of radio navigation because it is limited by the accuracy upper bound of classical theory and is susceptible to factors such as spoofing interference. In this research, the quantum technology is introduced to the phase tracking of the navigation DOA acquisition, and deals with the key issues such that the construction of quantum phase tracking mathematical model, nonlinear filtering method of quantum phase tracking, and robust tracking for the quantum phase. Firstly, considering the influence of various factors in navigation, the quantum phase tracking mathematical model is built for DOA acquisition. Secondly, the cubature criterion and Gaussian split method are introduced to design the nonlinear filtering method of continuous system, which can improve the accuracy of phase tracking. Finally, in order to reduce the influence of system uncertainty, the robust estimation theory is extended to the continuous nonlinear system, and the scheme of distributing weight to outliers is proposed to improve the robustness of the phase tracking. The development of the research will provide new ideas and new methods to improve the accuracy and robustness of quantum phase tracking, which is of great significance in theory and practice to improve the accuracy and safety of radio navigation.

对相位信息的实时跟踪是波达角等无线电导航参数获取的核心问题之一。传统相位跟踪技术受到经典理论精度上限的限制，且易受到欺骗干扰等因素的影响，成为制约无线电导航参数获取精度和安全性的瓶颈。为此，本项目拟将量子技术引入到导航测角的相位跟踪中，围绕量子相位跟踪数学模型的建立、量子相位非线性滤波方法和鲁棒跟踪方法等关键问题展开研究。首先，考虑导航中各类因素对量子相位跟踪系统的影响，构建适合于导航测角的量子相位跟踪数学模型；然后，引入容积准则和高斯分割方法，设计连续系统的非线性滤波方法，提高量子相位跟踪精度；最后，为减小系统不确定性的影响，将鲁棒估计理论拓展至连续非线性系统中，设计异常误差降权方案，提高相位跟踪的鲁棒性。本项目的开展将为提高量子相位跟踪的有效性和可靠性提供新思路和新方法，对于提升无线电导航精度和安全性有重要的理论意义和实用价值。

精确导航是无人化装备实现自主化、智能化功能的重要保障之一。随着无人机自主着陆、自主着舰等无人化军事任务对导航精度的需求越来越高，基于经典理论和资源获取距离、方向和速度等导航参数的传统导航方法，往往难以达到更加理想的精度。而基于量子信息论的量子导航理论和技术有望进一步提高方位角等导航参数的测量精度。为实现导航测角中的高精度相位跟踪，本文研究了基于零拍锁相环的量子相位跟踪方法。首先建立了基于零拍锁相环测量方法的量子相位跟踪模型。根据待测相位的最优估计对本振相位进行反馈控制，并利用扩展卡尔曼-布西滤波算法对所建立模型进行了验证；然后提出了测量辅助预测正交单纯形容积卡尔曼滤波算法和高阶连续-离散系统滤波方法来提高量子相位跟踪精度。实验结果表明，所提方法与线性化方法相比具有较强的抗非线性能力。最后，提出了基于抗差自适应估计的量子相位跟踪方法。对于测量异常误差，利用广义M估计方法提高跟踪鲁棒性。对于模型异常误差，通过卡方检验实际测量与预测测量的残差序列是否保持正交来判定模型异常；引入自适应因子调整模型信息对滤波的贡献，削弱模型异常造成的不利影响，从而得到基于卡方检验的自适应容积卡尔曼滤波算法。实验结果表明，所提方法保留了容积卡尔曼滤波精度高、稳定性好的优点，同时提高了模型异常情况下的量子相位跟踪的鲁棒性。