高管战略信念及其与企业战略一致性关系研究

Strategic cognitive school thinks that strategy formation is a cognitive process that takes place in the mind of the strategist. But this view just interpret the relationship between strategy formation and strategic cognitive process in the “process” .It doesn’t give a response whether there is coherence on the “content” between the strategic thinking of strategists and business strategy. On the one hand, the research on this issue affected the status and the role of strategic cognitive school on the whole strategic theory. On the other hand, it determined that the starting point of cognition which can judge the corporate strategic behavior. However, strategic theory community either didn't pay attention to the basic theory problem or took it for granted. This further demonstrated the deficiencies of the existing theories. Based on above-mentioned background, this research will put forward the concept of Strategic Belief (on executives) via the studies of the general belief; It probed into the formation factors and mechanism which influence executives’ strategy belief through the studies of the relationship between general belief of executive, individual characteristics, enterprise strategic performance and strategic belief; Through field study of the relationship between executives’ strategic belief and enterprise strategic consistency, the theoretical proposition will be studied and explained. This research could improve and enrich the existing strategic cognitive theory, hence it has significant theoretical implications and high applied value.

战略认知学派认为，企业战略形成于战略家思想中的认知过程。这一观点仅仅阐析了两者“过程上”的联系，却没有对战略家战略思想与企业战略在“内容上”是否存在一致性关系作出回答。对这一问题的研究，一方面影响着战略认知学派在整个战略理论中的地位和作用，另一方面也决定了判断企业战略的思维起点。然而，战略理论界要么没有关注这一基本理论问题，要么认为它理所当然地成立，这进一步凸显了现有理论的不足。本研究基于上述背景，通过对一般信念的分析，提出（高管）战略信念的概念；通过对高管一般信念、个体特征及企业战略绩效与战略信念的关系研究，探讨影响高管战略信念形成的因素和机制；通过对高管战略信念与企业战略一致性关系的田野式研究，来解释上述理论命题。这一研究可以完善和充实现有战略认知理论，具有重要的理论意义与应用价值。

战略管理理论中，战略的形成历来是学者们争论的焦点。战略认知学派认为战略形成于企业家的思想世界，而这种思想世界就是高管的信念。近年来，高管战略信念这一领域引起了很多学者的关注。本研究通过对文献资料的整理，提出高管战略信念的概念，总结出高管战略信念的影响因素。借助实证分析，本项目总结出高管战略信念与企业战略、个体特征之间的关系。结论如下：（1）一级战略目标价值观对企业战略的选择有积极的影响，二级战略目标价值观对企业战略的选择有消极的影响，三级战略目标价值观对企业战略的影响不显著；（2）高管对企业内部环境的战略价值观越乐观越容易制定积极的企业战略，而关于外部环境的战略价值观与企业战略没有显著的关系；（3）高管对企业过去绩效的价值观越乐观越容易制定积极的企业战略；（4）高管性别与战略信念差异没有相关关系，高管年龄差异、学历差异、任期差异与战略信念差异呈正相关关系。本项目的研究丰富了战略管理理论，对企业战略决策的制定也起到一定的指导作用。