城市微观地理环境对流动人口幸福感的时空效应研究

Improving the quality of urbanisation is essential to China’s new-type urbanisation. The evaluation of the quality of urbanisation depends on the level of migrants’ subjective wellbeing. Little research has been done to investigate the spatial variation in migrants’ subjective wellbeing and its determinants in the Chinese context. This study aims to add a geographical dimension to our understanding of migrants’ subjective wellbeing (1) by revealing the spatial pattern of migrants’ subjective wellbeing at multiple geographical scales, (2) by examining the spatiotemporal effects of microscopic geographic context on migrants’ subjective wellbeing, and (3) by exploring the effects of everyday activities, migration, and residential mobility and resultant contextual changes on migrants’ subjective wellbeing. Empirically, based on nationally representative data (i.e. Chinese Family Panel Survey, Chinese Labor-Force Dynamic Survey, and National Migrant Population Dynamic Monitoring Survey) and first-hand Guangzhou survey data, this study will examine the mechanisms through which the microscopic geographic context of residential neighbourhoods, the microscopic geographic context of everyday activities, and the contextual change due to important life events (in particular, migration and residential mobility) influence migrants’ subjective wellbeing, using the combination of qualitative and quantitative methods such as multilevel regressions, structure equation models, fixed-effect regressions, qualitative methods, and GIS spatial analysis techniques. This study will contribute to our understanding of migrants’ subjective wellbeing in Chinese cities not only by unraveling the effects of microscopic geographic context in both objective and subjective senses on individuals’ subjective wellbeing, but also by incorporating the spatiotemporal dynamics of contextual influences into the analytical framework. In this sense, this study will address the Uncertain Geographic Context Problem (UGCoP) arising from examining the effect of environmental exposure on individuals' health and wellbeing outcomes from a people-based and longitudinal perspective. It will also have policy implications in terms of China’s new-type urbanisation and the agenda for building ‘happy cities’.

新型城镇化的关键是城镇化质量的提升，流动人口的幸福感水平是城镇化质量评价的重要维度。鲜有研究基于地理学视角，探究流动人口幸福感的空间分异特征和影响机制。本研究旨在揭示中国流动人口幸福感水平的空间分异规律，阐明城市微观地理环境对流动人口幸福感的影响机制，并探索短期和长期空间行为所造成的微观地理环境变化对流动人口幸福感的影响。具体而言，研究将基于全国性大规模调查数据和广州市实地调查数据，利用多层级回归、结构方程模型、固定效应回归、质性分析法和GIS空间分析技术，阐明所居住社区的微观地理环境、家外日常活动空间的微观地理环境、迁移和迁居事件及其所造成的微观地理环境变化对流动人口幸福感的影响机制。研究计划揭示主客观微观地理环境对幸福感的效应，同时采用以人为本和动态追踪的视角，把地理环境的时空变化纳入到分析框架中，解决同类研究的地理背景的不确定性问题。研究可为城镇化政策制定和幸福城市建设提供科学依据。

新型城镇化的关键是人的城镇化，使人民群众的幸福感更加充实更有保障是新型城镇化的应有之义。流动人口作为城镇化建设的主体，其生活质量和幸福感水平，是城镇化质量评价的重要维度之一。本研究基于全国大规模问卷调查数据和广州市的实地调查数据，运用多层级回归模型、结构方程模型、GIS空间分析、面板数据分析和质性分析等技术，在全国和地方两个层面上，揭示流动人口幸福感水平的空间分异规律；阐明流动人口所居住社区的建成环境和社会环境对其幸福感的影响机制；揭示流动人口在家外日常活动空间的地理环境对其幸福感的影响机制；揭示流动人口的迁移行为对其幸福感的短期影响和长期影响；在此基础上，提出中国情景下的城市人居环境影响流动人口幸福感的理论框架，并提出相关的政策建议。研究结果表明，居住社区的建成环境和社会环境不仅直接影响流动人口的幸福感，还通过居住满意度、邻里关系等产生间接影响，且家外日常活动空间的地理环境对流动人口幸福感的影响更强；具有定居意愿的流动人口更关注与流入地亲朋好友的社会比较；从长期来看，迁移事件对流动人口幸福感具有一定的提升作用，但其积极效应所时间推移有所降低。本研究不仅从微观尺度分析影响流动人口幸福感的建成环境和社会环境因素，更从主客观视角揭示其中的作用机制，从理论角度来看，增进了中国背景下对流动人口主观幸福感的理解，为相关理论提供了中国情景下的实证支撑；从实践角度来看，本研究为社区生活圈规划、宜居城市和幸福城市的建设提供了科学依据和政策参考。本项目的核心成果包括：发表学术期刊论文60篇，其中SCI/SSCI JCR-Q1期刊论文28篇，申请发明专利1项。人才培养方面，出站博士后1人，毕业博士2人，毕业硕士6人。负责人参加国际学术会议7次，国内学术会议23次，受邀在第三届人文与经济地理学青年论坛和2020年中国人口地理学术年会等会议做大会发言，获得中国地理学会科学技术奖青年科技奖、第十一届和十二届钱学森城市学金奖提名奖等多个奖项。