氮掺杂磁性介孔碳复合材料的结构设计与重金属的选择性吸附研究

The pollution by heavy metal ions has become the serious environmental threats and serious hazards to ecosystem and human health, respectively, due to their toxicity. Therefore, it is urgent to effectively deal with the wastewater containing toxic heavy metal ions. In this project, novel N-doped magnetic mesporous carbon composite materials were synthesized using various as carbon and nitrogen source and Fe3+ as iron source and antioxidants by in-situ synthesis method. N-doped magnetic mesporous carbon composite materials have been rationally designed and fabricated by control of different method, ratio of carbon source and the template, size of template. And adsorption behavior of composite materials was more systematically studied. High adsorption capacity, adsorption rate and adsorption selectivity of N-doped magnetic mesporous carbon composite materials were obtained. Simultaneously, the adsorption mechanism, dynamics, thermodynamics and isothermal adsorption will be further analyzed theoretically, and then the regeneration and recycling uses of the adsorbent will be achieved.

重金属离子污染给生态系统和人类健康带来日益严重的污染和危害，如何更好地处理含重金属离子的废水是当前世界各国亟待解决的问题。本项目采用原位生成法，以Fe3+为氧化剂和铁源，通过使用不同的含氮功能试剂为碳源和氮源，合成了氮掺杂磁性介孔碳复合材料。通过不同的合成方法，前驱体与模板剂的比例和模板剂尺寸等对磁性介孔碳复合材料的结构精细化调控，详细地表征了该类新型复合材料的结构与性质，并系统性地研究了这类材料对重金属离子的吸附行为。最终选用对水溶液中重金属离子具有吸附容量大、去除速率快和吸附选择性的氮杂化的磁性介孔碳复合材料。同时，对磁性介孔碳复合材料的吸附机制、动力学、热力学和等温吸附过程进行较为深入的理论分析，实现吸附剂的再生和重复使用。

重金属离子污染给生态系统和人类健康带来日益严重的污染和危害，如何更好地处理含重金属离子的废水是当前世界各国亟待解决的问题。本项目采用含氮功能试剂为碳源和氮源，制备了氮掺杂介孔材料和磁性氮掺杂介孔材料，以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂或吡咯为前驱体制备的复合材料有较好的吸附性能，主要由于含氮官能团与Ag(I)和Cr (VI)发生络合作用和氧化还原作用形成络合物和或者还原成无毒的单质Ag或低价的Cr (III)。然后通过不同的合成方法，前驱体与模板剂的比例和模板剂尺寸等对磁性介孔碳复合材料的结构精细化调控，详细地表征了该类新型复合材料的结构与性质，以三聚氰胺甲醛树脂为碳前驱，F127为模板自组装制备的磁性氮掺杂介孔碳复合材料Fe0/NMC和Co/NMC对Ag(I)的吸附容量可分别达到335 mg•g-1和630 mg•g-1，吸附过程符合准二级动力学模型和Langmuir等温吸附模型，表明在吸附过程以发生在均质表面的单层化学吸附为主，控速步骤为颗粒内扩散步骤。最终获得对水溶液中Ag(I)和Cr (VI)等具有吸附容量大、去除速率快和吸附选择性的氮杂化的磁性介孔碳复合材料。