山东沿海地区晚更新世早中期古人类石器技术与行为适应研究

The early and middle stages of the Late Pleistocene are key periods for studying Modern humans and their behaviors, and contemporaneous findings in Africa and the Mediterranean coastal areas have promoted a lot on the studies of the migration and dispersal of Modern Humans and their behavioral adaptations to coastal environments. Some of Paleolithic remains were also discovered in Chinese coastal areas, however researches on these materials were unprosperous comparing with studies in Africa and west Eurasia. On the one hand, Paleolithic localities and archaeological materials found in Chinese coastal areas are few and distribute scattered; on the other hand, most of researches on those materials are simple locality and lithic artifacts descriptions, and lack more detailed technological and behavioral analyses. .The coastal areas in Shandong Province are selected as a main research region in this program for that more potential Paleolithic localities have been found there. Further Paleolithic surveys and detailed analyses of key sites will be conducted. By means of studying procurement of raw materials, lithic technology and functions, consumption of animal resources, and spatial organizations in-site and intra-site, we aim to reconstruct the Paleolithic sequence in Shandong coastal areas, define the adaptive strategies of ancient populations there, and discuss the possibility of migration routes in Chinese coastal areas. With the studies above, we will provide new data and perspectives for researches on the migration and dispersal of Modern Humans and their behavioral adaptations to coastal environments in Eurasia.

晚更新世早中期（128ka~50ka）是现代人及其行为演化的关键时段，此时段发现于非洲沿海、地中海沿岸等地区的古人类遗址大大促进了国际上对现代人迁徙、扩散及古人类对沿海环境适应策略等问题的研究。中国沿海地区发现一定数量的旧石器地点，然而其研究与国际上相比有较大差距：一方面目前发现的材料少且分散；另一方面现有研究止步于对考古地点、石制品的报道和描述，缺乏深度的石器技术和人类行为分析。.本项目选择旧石器研究潜力较大的山东沿海地区，通过调查发现新材料，并剖析已发掘的日照黄泥梁、青岛大珠山遗址，详细讨论其石器原料利用方式、石器技术与功能、动物考古学、遗址空间组织形式等。在此基础上，重建山东沿海地区的旧石器技术序列；明确山东沿海地区晚更新世古人类行为适应方式；并尝试探讨中国东部海滨地带是否存在古人类迁徙的通道。通过上述分析，为欧亚大陆古人类对沿海环境适应方式和现代人群迁徙、扩散的研究提供新的材料。

沿海考古遗址的研究大大促进了我们对现代人迁徙、扩散及古人类对沿海环境适应策略等问题的认识。非洲沿海、地中海沿岸等地区发现大量的古人类遗址，然而中国沿海地区相关的研究与国际上相比有较大差距。我们选择旧石器研究潜力较大的山东沿海地区，对日照黄泥梁、青岛大珠山遗址进行了发掘和研究，讨论了中国沿海地区的石器原料利用方式、石器技术、遗址古环境等。研究显示，氧同位素3阶段早期，使用石片技术的人群便开始在山东沿海地区活动，而此时当地主要为陆生动物生存的林地和草地相结合的环境。氧同位素3阶段以来海平面受气候变化的影响较大，大珠山与黄泥梁古人群生存的时段内，此地为内陆环境。通过对中国存在海洋资源利用证据的考古遗址和海平面变化的综合，我们认为氧同位素3阶段以来海平面变化影响了古人类对沿海资源的利用，今后对中国旧石器时代古人类沿海适应方式研究因考虑海平面变化的影响。