超声波强化低碳城市污水自养脱氨及其影响机理

Wastewater treatment plant has high energy consumption. Anaerobic digestion to recovering organic carbon greatly improves energy self-sufficiency in the wastewater treatment plant, but also it brings the problem for the nitrogen removal in the domestic wastewater with low carbon. At present, a more unified understanding is to develop a novel mainstream deammonification process. However, two critical problems are instability of nitritation process and slow start-up of anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) process. Ultrasonic treatment is a promising approach to enhance nitritation process by selectively eliminating nitrite-oxidizing bacteria in nitrifying populations. It also accelerates the start-up of anammox process. Therefore, this research aims to develop the ultrasonic treatment technology to enhance mainstream deammonification process. Effect of ultrasonic treatment on the key microbes and their enzyme reaction kinetics in mainstream deammonification will be investigated. We will develop new models to describe the relationships between ultrasonic treatment conditions and nitriation and annammox processes, and new control strategy for mainstream deammonification process. Ultrasonic treatment conditions and reactor operation parameters will be optimized. We believe that the research would provide theoretical support to build new nitrogen removal technology in wastewater treatment.

城市污水处理是高能耗行业。基于厌氧回收污水有机潜能可以大幅提高污水处理厂能源自给率，同时也带来了低碳城市污水除氮难题。目前比较统一的认识是需要开发自养脱氨技术处理低碳城市污水，而低氨氮条件下短程硝化不稳定和低温条件下厌氧氨氧化启动慢是自养脱氨应用受限的技术挑战。超声波是一种可以通过选择性淘汰硝化微生物群落中亚硝酸盐氧化细菌促进短程硝化的新方法，也可以加快低温条件下厌氧氨氧化启动。本项目提出利用超声波强化低碳城市污水自养脱氨，拟通过对超声波影响自养脱氨关键微生物菌群与酶反应动力学特征的深入系统研究，建立超声波促进短程硝化与厌氧氨氧化的综合影响机理模型，分析超声波强化低碳城市污水自养脱氨的控制方法，确定超声波控制的最佳条件和反应器最优运行参数，为开发新型废水生物脱氮技术提供理论支持。

当前城市污水好氧处理工艺的能耗高。基于厌氧回收污水有机潜能可以大幅提高污水处理厂能源自给率，同时也带来了低碳城市污水除氮难题，因而需要开发基于自养脱氨的技术处理低碳城市污水。本项目研究解析了选择性淘汰硝化微生物群落中亚硝酸盐氧化细菌促进短程硝化的新技术与方法，系统研究了超声波控制的最佳条件和反应器最优运行参数，揭示了超声波处理强化微生物氨氧化过程的酶动力学机理，并使用间歇超声波处理实现低碳城市污水的稳定短程脱氮过程，同时发现、富集与培养了一种具有独特生态生理学性能的新型亚硝酸氧化细菌。