西北典型河谷城市铅粒级赋存效应与婴幼儿童生物有效性研究

Lead Poisoning (LP)in children due to lead exposure is becoming a global problem in public health.The bioavailability of lead in children below 6 years old through multimedium and multipathway contact in the regional area are the hotspot issue in environment health aspects.Based on our previous researches, this project will choose 0-6 years old children lived in typical valley cities in northwestern China, and divide children to four groups of 0-1,1-2,2-3,4-6 years old with different age and different ethnic for our research target.The project will focus on the quantitive analysis the relations between the size-fractionations of lead in mutimedium and its bioavailability via multipathway exposures of size-fractionations to children. According to this objective,the quantitive associations between speciations in size-fractionations and children’s blood lead would be investigated using environmental technique and clinical examination method. The bioaccessibility of lead in size-fractionations would be evaluated by in vitro gastro-intestinal digestion and lungs inhalation simulations, and the relative bioavailability of lead in size-fractionations would be assessed by in vivo rats feeding and inhalation. The bioavailability datasets of lead in size-fractionations would be obtained after analysis the relationship between relative bioavailability and children’s blood lead. The exposure sources of lead to children would be identified by lead isotope. Finally, the risk of lead exposure to children would be assessment with GIS techniques and USEPA models. The project will provide the significant to set up the bioavailability of younger children's exposure to lead, assessment of health risk of lead exposure to children, children’s health care, and epidemic of comprehensive prevention and control in China.

婴幼儿童铅暴露是全球性的重大公共卫生问题。在区域尺度下，儿童多介质-多途径铅暴露的人体生物有效性是目前研究的核心和尚待解决的问题。本项目结合课题组前期研究结果，以西北典型河谷城市为研究区域，以0-1、1-2、2-4、4-6岁婴幼儿童为研究对象，针对多介质环境铅粒级赋存效应与多途径铅粒级组分暴露的儿童生物有效性定量关系问题，运用环境监测与临床检验技术，阐明多介质环境铅粒级赋存形态与儿童血铅的定量关系；采用体外胃肠消化、肺吸入模拟和体内SD大鼠模型动物消化道与口鼻吸入暴露的活体实验，探索儿童血铅与相对生物有效性的定量关系，建立0-6岁儿童环境铅粒级赋存组分暴露的人体生物有效性；利用铅同位素等技术，解析儿童环境铅不同粒级赋存组分暴露的主要途径和来源，预测评估儿童环境铅粒级暴露的区域风险。为我国低幼儿童人体生物有效性的建立、铅暴露风险预警、健康保育与流行病综合防控等提供科学理论与实践支持。

婴幼儿童铅暴露是全球性的重大公共卫生问题。本项目以西北典型河谷城市涉铅污染不同来源区域为研究重点，累计获得研究样品3800多个，结合我国0-6儿童健康与疾病预防工作的实际需要，完善建立了以风险管理为导向的多介质-多途径儿童铅暴露调查路径；优化建立了环境多介质粒级分离技术方法；揭示了主要河谷型城市环境多介质粒级分布特征；解析了多介质环境铅等有害元素化学形态赋存的粒级效应与物相特征；探索了多介质环境人体胃肠和肺生物可给性的粒级效应，解析了多介质环境细颗粒组分铅等有害元素相对生物有效性，明确了典型河谷城市儿童多介质-多途径环境铅生物有效性的粒级赋存效应；筛查了区域不同年龄、不同性别儿童血铅水平，揭示了儿童血铅与多介质-多途径环境铅粒级赋存组分生物有效性的耦合特征；解析了环境细颗粒铅赋存与儿童血铅的关系特征，明确了典型河谷城市儿童铅暴露风险的粒级来源；阐明了细颗粒铅赋存物相的生物有效性与生物转运，建立了涉铅污染区域铅污染风险调控的技术方法与策略；构建了基于多介质环境粒级赋存效应和生物可给性/生物有效性的综合生态与健康风险评估模型，实现了多介质-多途径儿童铅暴露综合健康风险和儿童血铅预测预警；有效科普和指导了区域儿童铅暴露的防控。研究有效地解决了关键科学问题，全面完成了计划的研究任务，达到了预期的目标，取得了创新性成果。先后发表学术论文20多篇，培养10多名研究生包括1名国际研究生，获批陕西省重点研发国际合作重点项目1项，发起并主办第三届环境与健康（国际）会议；研究成果获陕西省高等学校科学技术二等奖和陕西省生态科学技术一等奖。研究成果受到同行的广泛关注与认可。项目主持人获评“陕西最美科技工作者”、“西迁精神“传承人、陕西省最美生态环保志愿者等光荣称号。研究结果为我国西部河谷型城市铅污染来源精细识别、婴幼儿童铅暴露与流行病精准防控、铅污染综合治理等提供重要的科学理论和技术实践支持。