纳米流体固液界面摩擦及其对液体输运性质影响的研究

Nanofluid is fluid either confined in nanoscale structures or of which the characteristic length is of nanoscale. Nanofluid is important for many fields such as mechanical engineering, energy, environment and health. In nanofluid, many physical factors play their roles simultaneously and interfacial effect becomes very important. Thus, the understanding of friction between fluid and solid surfaces and the effect of friction between fluid and solid surfaces on the transport of fluid is crucial for nanofluid. During the last two decades, there has been rapid development in this field. Recently, the study in this field has evolved into new level, with many new problems. Among them are the active control of the frictional properties, the novel surface diffusion mechanism of nanodroplets on layered materials, and the theoretical studies of which the parameters are comparable to those used in experiments. To this end, in this project we will carry out systematic study on the frictional properties of nanofluid confined in nanotubes at practical flow rate and nanodroplets on layered materials. These include the study on directional transport and diffusion. The method will be mainly based on theoretical and numerical study, combined with experimental validation. On the theoretical and numerical side, we will use a multiscale approach which starts from electronic structures of the systems to continuum model. On the experimental side, we will carry out nanofluid experiment based on individual nanotubes. The systems to be studied will be mainly composed of carbon nanostructures, water and saline solution. With the combination of both sides, we will establish a systematic study approach for nanofluid.

纳米流体指约束于特征尺度为纳米级结构内或本身特征尺度为纳米级的流体，其在机械、能源、环境和人体健康等领域发挥着重要作用。在纳米尺度下系统中多物理因素同时作用，界面效应变得尤其显著。因此，纳米流体固液界面摩擦及其对液体输运性质影响的研究有重要意义。经过约二十年的研究，近年来该领域的发展进入了新层次，产生了新问题，例如对于纳米流体界面摩擦的主动控制，层状材料表面纳米流体新摩擦特性的机理，以及符合实验条件的理论研究等。针对这些问题，本项目将对现实流速下纳米管内纳米流体和层状材料表面纳米液滴的摩擦及其影响进行研究，采用理论与模拟为主、实验为辅的方法。在理论与模拟层面，本项目将采用从电子结构理论到连续介质模型的多尺度研究方法。在实验方面，将采用基于单根纳米管的研究方案。研究系统以碳纳米结构和水与盐溶液为主。通过理论与实验结合，最终形成完善的纳米流体摩擦及其影响的研究体系。

纳米流体指约束于特征尺度为纳米级结构内或本身特征尺度为纳米级的流体，其在生命科学、能源、环境和人体健康等领域发挥着重要作用。在纳米尺度下界面效应变得尤其显著，因此纳米流体固液界面摩擦及其对液体输运与扩散性质影响的研究有重要意义。本项目在理论、模拟和实验上研究纳米流体固液界面摩擦的机理和主动控制，同时对固液界面摩擦影响液体输运和扩散的机理进行研究。主要研究内容包括：纳米管中纳米流体的界面摩擦调控及其对液体输运扩散的影响；层状材料表面纳米流体的扩散行为及其对摩擦的影响。