再生水消毒效果替代指标及其协同反馈控制机制研究

The control of microorganisms in reclaimed water has become increasingly stringent. The complexity and high concentrations of contaminants in reclaimed water sources, multiple affecting factors on disinfection effect, as well as delayed feedback due to long period of microbial detection, have brought tremendous challenges to disinfection efficacy. The identification of rapid and sensitive water quality indicators for indicating disinfection efficacy is vital to evaluate and optimize the disinfection technologies and processes. . This study aims to rapid and efficient control of disinfection processes. Based on ozonation and chlorination, the study analyses the inactivation characteristics of pathogenic indicators during disinfection processes and the complicated affecting factors sourced from influent fluctuations. The study assesses the correlation between the variations of representative reclaimed water quality indicators and the pathogenic inactivation characteristics and proposes possible surrogates which are able to indicate the pathogenic inactivation patterns. The key constituents, reactive groups, reaction rates and competing effects of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in reclaimed water are further analyzed to confirm the interior relation and indicative characteristics between surrogates and pathogenic inactivation. Afterwards, the study develops a real-time multiple parameter synergetic feedback system based on identified surrogates to monitor, adjust and control the disinfection efficacy. Based on research findings, a solution can be formed regarding pathogenic inactivation control and safety guarantee during disinfection processes, which can support and promote safe and long-lasting utilization of reclaimed water.

污水再生利用对微生物的控制要求日趋严格，但再生水水源中污染物组分复杂多变且浓度高、消毒效果影响因素多，微生物指标检测周期长、对消毒工艺反馈严重滞后，为高效消毒带来巨大挑战。甄别可以快速灵敏指示消毒效果的关键水质指标，对于评价和优化消毒工艺具有重要意义。. 本研究以快速、高效调控消毒工艺为目标，围绕臭氧和氯两种典型消毒技术，研究再生水消毒过程病原指示微生物灭活特性及复杂进水条件对灭活效果的影响；探究再生水水质特性表征指标变化率与病原指示微生物灭活特性之间的关联性，提出可表征病原微生物灭活规律的替代指标；解析再生水中溶解性有机物（DOM）关键组分、活性基团、反应速率及其竞争消耗作用，佐证替代指标与病原微生物灭活效果的内在联系和指示特征；构建基于替代指标的多参数协同反馈再生水消毒工艺实时保障系统。研究成果将形成再生水消毒工艺灭活效果控制与安全性保障方案，为促进再生水安全长效利用提供科学支撑。

再生水利用对微生物的控制要求日趋严格，但现有消毒技术存在消毒效率低、消毒效果影响因素多、消毒工艺评价反馈滞后、消毒后部分微生物复活再生长等问题，对水质安全保障带来巨大挑战。深入开展再生水消毒效果评价与控制研究是目前污水再生利用领域面临的重要而急迫的课题。.本项目以快速、高效调控消毒工艺为目标，围绕臭氧和氯两种典型消毒技术，掌握了再生水臭氧和氯消毒过程病原指示微生物灭活特性和水质变化规律；识别出再生水臭氧消毒效果的替代性指标，建立了基于UV254、总荧光强度和cATP浓度变化率的再生水臭氧消毒效果评价模型（R2=0.86-0.96）；发现氯消毒过程，UV254、总荧光强度等替代性指标与再生水中粪大肠菌群、铜绿假单胞菌、总异养菌群等病原指示微生物灭活率之间未呈现显著的线性或非线性相关关系；阐明了再生水二级出水和深度处理出水中荧光团的关键组分信息以及再生水臭氧和氯消毒过程荧光光谱的变化特征，发现总荧光强度以及EEM谱图中II和IV区域积分荧光强度的变化较为快速灵敏，可作为表征消毒效果的关键替代性指标；基于所识别的关键替代性指标，构建了再生水臭氧消毒工艺快速评价反馈系统，考察了在240nm、280 nm和335 nm特征激发波长下的再生水荧光发射信号对臭氧消毒过程不同微生物灭活的指示规律，发现在280 nm激发波长下，利用其荧光发射峰值对数去除率可较准确地预测臭氧对再生水中不同指示微生物的灭活效果（R2=0.937-0.987）；针对臭氧、氯等常规消毒技术对某些病原微生物灭活效果差的问题，开发出紫外线/氯协同消毒技术，阐明了其对金黄色葡萄球菌等典型消毒抗性菌的灭活效果和灭活机理，发现紫外线/氯协同消毒过程自由基生成对消毒效果有一定的贡献作用。本项目的研究成果可为再生水的安全长效利用提供理论和技术支持。