The studies of pancreatic endocrine cells have been focused on beta cells for long. However the function of alpha cells is still an enigma to some extent. According to some recent findings, the function of alpha cells and its interration to beta cells have been somewhat revealed. Alpha cells and beta cells dedifferentiate to pro-alpha cells under metabolic stress. One hand, pro-alpha cells may be progenitors of beta cells by glucagon/glucagon like peptide 1 system. On the other hand, pro-alpha cells are protectors of them. Both the plasicity and paracrine mechanism of alpha and beta cells makes it possible that pro-alpha cells may be promoted to transdifferentiate or redifferentiate to beta cells by targeting pro-alpha cells. Since alpha cells and beta cells have great plasicity, our study will focus on transdifferentiation and redifferentiation of alpha cells and beta cells, take advantage of intercellular communication, detect the differentiated states of both cells and observe the change of some important transcription factors by lineage tracing experiment and other molecular biotechniques. This study is to investigate the regulatory mechanism of transdifferentiation and redifferentiation of alpha cells and beta cells and may provide new therapy strategies for beta cell recovery in diabetes.
新近一些重要的发现让我们对α细胞的功能及其与β细胞的相互调节有了全新的认识。代谢应激时,β细胞可去分化为多能干细胞或前α细胞,而α细胞可与前α细胞的相互转化,通过调控胰岛内胰高血糖素(glucagon,Gcg)/胰高血糖素样肽1(glucagon-like peptide1,GLP-1)系统作为β细胞的祖细胞与“保护者”。因此,以α细胞为干预靶点,促进前α细胞转分化或再分化为β细胞进而保护β细胞的探索成为可能。本研究以“α细胞、β细胞的高度可塑性”为突破口,聚焦α细胞和β细胞的转分化与再分化,采用遗传追踪技术,多种分子生物学方法探测代谢应激下β细胞、α细胞的分化状态及其关键转录因子的变化,以基因和药物手段调控胰岛内Gcg/GLP-1系统的活性,研究α细胞和β细胞相互调节的信号分子机制,探索促进前α细胞转分化或 再分化为β细胞的调控途径和机制,为2型糖尿病β细胞功能保护探寻新的治疗策略。
研究表明胰岛β细胞去分化是糖尿病β细胞功能衰竭的原因之一。去分化的β细胞具有一定可逆性,在一定条件下可被诱导再分化,从而为糖尿病治疗恢复β细胞功能提供可能。因此,探索体内β细胞去分化与再分化的调控机制,可能为糖尿病治疗提供新靶点。另有研究表明,糖尿病中胰岛α细胞增殖,同时α细胞产生的GLP-1增加,胰岛内源性GLP-1可能通过促进β细胞再分化从而保护β细胞功能。本研究通过建立体内外代谢应激模型,以遗传追踪技术标记β细胞,应用共聚焦等技术检测β细胞去分化与再分化中关键转录因子的表达变化,探索胰岛内源性GLP-1对β细胞去分化与再分化的调控。研究表明:(1)2型糖尿病条件下阻断内源性GLP-1作用β细胞去分化显著增加(2)增强胰岛内GLP-1活性,胰岛素及β细胞特异性转录因子PDX1、NKX6.1、FoxO1的表达增加,β细胞去分化显著减少(3)体外研究表明GLP-1通过活化PI3K/AKT/FoxO1信号通路促进胰岛β细胞PDX1,NKX6.1的表达。上述研究表明,α细胞产生的GLP-1是代谢应激下β细胞的重要保护因子,增强内源性GLP-1的作用可促进去分化的β细胞再分化,为2型糖尿病治疗β细胞功能保护提供新的干预靶点。
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数据更新时间:2023-05-31
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