太行古道典型传统聚落形态及生态适应性机制研究

China is a traditional agricultural country. During the long history of agricultural civilization, in order to adapt to the environment, as well we maximize the usage of existing native resources for dwelling constructions, our ancestors accumulated rich experience, which was considered as concise and modest ecological wisdom. This research is based on the settlement along "Eight Taihang Pass" as an example of ancient mountain passes of Taihang Mountain Area, as well as traditional villages along the mountains. It collected and documented comprehensive data through field investigation and information collection. It also provide a typological summary of the linearly distributed dwellings. Study constructed digital simulation of the study area and the typical case studies by means of modern technologies such as aerial photography, computer simulation, digital simulation, virtual reality and others. Study optimize the utilization and adaptability of the resources within the settlement environment through quantitative comparison and analysis as well as clarifying the traditional village in the location of the settlements, land allocation, water resources utilization, micro climate regulation, agricultural housing construction, etc. Centering on the subjects above, this paper carries out the qualitative and quantitative investigation from three aspects: the location and the spatial distribution of the macro village, the village form and function structure, and the micro architecture community structure. Hereby, this work is to provide a concise explanation of the inherent ecological mechanism of the formation of materialized form of traditional villages. It is also to systematically summarize the generative evolution of the Taihang mountain settlement and the experience of the tectonic suitability. Based on the evidence above, native, ecological and sustainable strategies are proposed for the rejuvenation and development of traditional villages, which also provide a theoretical basis and practical support for the construction of "beautiful countryside".

作为一个传统农业大国，我国古代先民在漫长的农耕文明发展过程中，在适应生存环境、最大限度优化利用既有资源营建栖居之地方面积累了丰富的经验，凝练了诸多质朴的生态智慧。本课题将太行山区以“太行八陉”为代表的山地古道及沿线传统乡村聚落为研究对象，通过实地调研和信息采集，收集、整理全面的数据资料；对线性分布的沿线聚落进行类型化总结；借助现代技术手段进行数字化模拟，通过量化比对和分析，归纳、总结传统村落在聚落选址、土地配置、水资源利用、微气候调节、农居营造等方面对环境资源的优化利用和适应性措施。围绕上述问题从宏观聚落选址和空间分布、中观村落形态和功能结构、微观群落架构和农居建造三个层面展开定性和定量研究。厘清传统村落物化形态生成的内在生态适应性机制，系统的总结太行山区山地聚落生成演进的适宜性营建经验，对传统村落的更新发展提出本土化、生态化、可持续的发展策略，为建设“美丽乡村”提供理论依据和实践支撑。

一、项目背景.本项目历时4年，经过项目组全体成员的共同努力，按照预期的年度研究计划进行了各项研究工作，顺利地完成了本项目研究的主要内容，并取得了预期研究成果。.二、主要研究内容.1)对太行山区保存相对完整的17条古道进行系统调研。.2)对线性分布的沿线聚落进行类型化总结。.3)归纳、总结传统村落对山地环境资源的优化利用和适应性措施。.4)对古道沿线特殊的商贸驿站性聚落进行重点定性和定量研究。.5)厘清古道沿线商贸型聚落空间形态发展及演变的双重驱动机制。.6)总结古道沿线商贸型聚落空间形态普遍特征，比对、揭示差异化特征的内在成因。.7)从建筑学角度对沿线典型聚落进行个案研究。.三、重要研究成果.1)建立太行山区古道沿线典型聚落数据信息库。.2)利用倾斜摄影技术，完成古道沿线典型商贸驿站型聚落数据模型的构建。.3)在建筑学报、城市规划等国内核心期刊上发表学术论文8篇，另有5篇论文已完成初步撰写，计划于2023年发表。.4)在传统聚落保护与更新领域培养硕士研究生8人，完成相关硕士学位论文8篇。.5)成功申请国家发明专利2项。.6)完成山东省聊城市东阿县乡村振兴示范项目——艾山村保护与更新设计，相关成果获2019年第六届山东省优秀建筑方案评选一等奖2项，在山东省首届“泰山奖”评选中分别获规划、建筑设计一等奖和景观设计二等奖。.四、成果的科学意义、应用前景.1)本项目首次聚焦太行山区内的东西连通古道，以古道沿线聚落为研究对象，以山地环境要素和古道人文要素的双重驱动为切入点，对跨地域的特殊聚落类型进行综合性空间形态及生态适应性研究，研究视角及研究成果具有一定的创新性，在研究广度和深度两个方面丰富了聚落形态及聚落历史研究的内容。.2)对线性分布的沿线聚落的类型化研究；对传统村落对环境资源的优化利用和适应性措施的归纳、总结；对太行山区传统村落物化形态生成的内在生态适应性机制的研究，为传统村落的保护和更新设计及研究提供数据支撑和理论参考。.3)对太行古道沿线商贸驿站型特殊聚落类型的研究，丰富了聚落研究的内容构成，揭示了聚落特殊空间形态在山地环境因素和古道人文因素影响下的双重驱动机制，对于传统聚落的保护和更新设计及研究提供了理论依据。