西江流域传统聚落防灾形态与适应性发展研究

Xijiang River Basin, located in the south of the Five Ridges, is a region that was vulnerable to various disasters in history, including natural disasters (such as floods, droughts, wind damage, lightning disasters, etc.) and man-made disasters (wars, natives and immigrants conflicts, refugees, etc.). It was thus very difficult for people in this region to prevent disasters. Disaster prevention pattern of settlements is an important supplement to settlement pattern research, and the study on disaster prevention pattern of traditional settlements in Xijiang River Basin where both natural and man-made disasters occur frequently is particularly significant..This study on adaptability to disasters draws lessons from Darwin’s theory of evolution, and expands the field of previous researches on adaptability of buildings, which were mainly carried out from the aspect of energy-saving technologies. This study tries to reveal and interpret the “isomorphism” between the traditional settlements in Xijiang River Basin and its natural and sociocultural context by using the methods of overlay, graph isomorphism, correlation, and logical derivation, and based on that, explain the settlements’ disaster prevention pattern and “adaptive survival mode” in both space and time dimensions using the methods in morphology, historical geography, and disaster-proof architecture. .The traditional settlements in Xijiang River Basin respond positively to disasters, and are evolving in different space and time dimensions following the adaptability rules. We hope this study could help establish the basic framework for studying settlements’ disaster prevention pattern, and provide a theoretical basis for adaptability evolution of contemporary settlement pattern from a new perspective by exploring the strategies for coping with both natural and man-made disasters.

西江流域是岭南历史上灾害高发的地区，其中包括自然灾害（洪涝、旱灾、风灾、雷灾等）与人为灾害（战祸、土客之争、流民灾害等），使这一地域的防灾问题更为复杂。聚落防灾形态是聚落形态研究的重要补充，特别是天灾与人祸多发的西江流域传统聚落的防灾形态研究。.本研究提出的针对灾害的适应性研究，借鉴了达尔文的进化论，拓展了传统的多从节能技术方向探讨建筑适应性的研究方向。研究试图以叠图、同构、相关性、逻辑推导等方法揭示并解读西江流域传统聚落与自然和社会文化环境之间的“同构现象”，然后运用形态学、历史地理学、建筑防灾学等方法从时空维度解读聚落的防灾形态与“适宜性生存方式”。.西江流域传统聚落积极应对灾害，并在不同的时空维度遵循适应性规律发展演变。希望通过本研究能构建起聚落防灾形态的基本研究构架，并通过对自然灾害与人为灾害两方面的应对策略研究，从新视角对当代聚落形态的适应性发展提供理论依据。

项目背景：. 西江流域是岭南历史上灾害高发的地区，其中包括自然灾害（洪涝、旱灾、风灾、雷灾等）与人为灾害（战祸、土客之争、流民灾害等），使这一地域的防灾问题更加复杂。聚落防灾是聚落形态研究的重要补充，但天灾与人祸多发的西江流域聚落的防灾研究，仍甚少被涉及。. 主要研究内容：. 本项目主要从历史源流进行研究，研究内容主要分为两大方面：聚落防灾形态研究与聚落适应性发展研究。. 首先在聚落防灾形态研究方面，分为应对自然灾害的聚落形态与应对人为灾害的聚落形态两个部分详细讨论。研究从西江流域的自然灾害史切入，以传统聚落应对洪涝灾害、风灾、旱灾、震灾和其他自然灾害的防灾形态分项研究，以聚落应对洪涝灾害为主线；又从西江流域的历史社会环境切入，以其聚落应对战争、流民灾害、土客矛盾等方面的防灾形态分项研究。再通过与其他地区聚落的比较，得出西江流域传统聚落的防灾形态总结：包括区域主动防灾方略和聚落被动应灾策略两个方面。. 然后在适应性发展研究方面，研究从时间维度出发，通过对聚落不同时期适应性的发展变化研究，得到聚落适应性发展的规律。由此对当代聚落的形态变迁利弊、受灾、防灾模式等方面进行分析与思考，得出对指导当代西江流域聚落形态更新有指导意义的结论。. 重要结果、关键数据：.①得出西江流域传统聚落形态与区域防洪方略之间的关系；.②初步探索得出西江流域传统聚落形态与“适宜性生存方式”的关系；.③初步探索得出西江流域传统聚落形态与人为灾害防御策略之间的关系；.④初步探索得出在不同时期防灾策略影响下的聚落形态演变。. 科学意义：.①初步建立了聚落防灾形态的研究框架。.②探索了人工环境对自然灾害的应对策略，得出聚落的“适宜性生存方式”。.③探索了聚落形态对人为灾害的应对策略。.④为当代西江流域聚落的更新发展提供了理论依据。