城市再生水的自主定价模型与定价方法研究

By observing the attributes and demands of recycled water, we will build a set of theoretical models and provide practical methods of independent pricing based on water recycling plant's integrated consideration of demand and cost, regarding to the defects of recycled water pricing theories and arbitrariness in urban recycled water pricing in China. Firstly, we will propose hypotheses about the necessary and sufficient conditions that recycled water will be used by consumers. Afterwards, we will establish the functions of consumer’s reservation prices by introducing some factors including tap water prices, specific investments and WTP for water quality preferences. We will build the independent pricing models based on calculation of total profits of water supply. The models can be divided into two types about whether allowing for water quality preferences according to complexity. In empirical research, we will calculate reservation price of each user by water consumption investigation, specific investment estimation and WTP survey and measurement. Afterwards, we will find the premium prices by substituting the values into the models and judge whether the implement conditions are met by economic evaluation. Moreover, we will provide the reasonable values of fiscal subsidies and the targets and programs of promotion policies if the implement conditions cannot be met. The project will illustrate the principles and methods of recycled water pricing and put forward theoretical methods of scientific pricing, provide the basis of recycled water policies of government as well.

针对现有再生水定价理论的缺陷以及当前我国城市再生水定价中存在的随意性问题，我们通过考察再生水属性及其需求，提出由再生水厂基于成本与需求综合考虑的再生水自主定价模型与方法。首先提出用户使用再生水的充要条件假设，然后通过引入自来水价、专用性投资和对水质偏好的支付意愿等因素，确定用户对再生水的保留价格函数。接下来建立以供水利润计算为基础的自主定价模型，通过求解最大供水利润来确定最优水价。模型根据复杂程度可分为不考虑水质偏好和考虑水质偏好两类。在实证研究中，通过用户用水量调查、专用性投资估算、支付意愿调查和测度计算出用户的保留价格，代入自主定价模型计算最优水价，通过经济评价判断自主定价实施条件是否满足，不满足时确定再生水财政补贴及推广政策的目标和内容。本项目将阐明再生水自主定价的原理和方法，为再生水科学定价提供理论方法，同时为政府制定再生水政策提供相应依据。

由于缺乏科学的、兼顾各方利益的再生水定价理论与方法，当前我国城市再生水定价中存在着随意性和盲目性的问题。本项目通过考察再生水属性及其需求，提出由再生水生产企业基于成本与需求综合考虑的再生水自主定价模型与方法。本项目的研究要点包括：再生水自主定价的基本假设，用户对再生水的保留价格函数，再生水自主定价模型与方法，实证研究对象选取及计算，再生水自主定价方法的推广应用等。本项目形成的研究成果如下：第一，有关再生水定价理论与实践探索的综述，在此基础上作出展望：未来的理论研究会把供水成本核算与用户需求结合起来考虑，同时市场调查与分析将成为再生水定价研究的重要基础性工作。第二，不考虑水质差异的再生水自主定价模型与方法，即推导出保留价格公式，根据保留价格确定用户需求，然后由再生水生产企业通过求解最大供水利润来定价。第三，考虑水质差异的再生水自主定价模型与方法，一种解决方案是在不考虑水质差异模型的基础上，测度支付意愿并修正保留价格函数；另一种解决方案是通过引入质量偏好参数，应用质量差异模型推导出自主定价公式。第四，实证研究及自主定价方法的推广应用。选取实证研究对象并计算水价，分别采用现行再生水价、平均成本定价和自主定价确定的水价，对该再生水项目进行经济评价。提出可根据自主定价法和经济评价法，确定财政补贴的合理值，使自主定价方法具备提供政策建议的功能。