电絮凝净化海面轻质溢油过程中聚集体生长机制与控制方法研究

Combined of the explosion accident of "Sang Ji" tanker, the emulsification, flammability and explosion of the light oil pose new challenges to oil spill emergency disposal, and thus it is urgent to develop an energy saving, high efficient and fast technology for the treatment of light oil spill. As an environmentally friendly technology, electrochemistry, coagulation, and flotation and so on are identified as the foundation for electrocoagulation. My previous studies have found that good properties of aggregates are crucial in improving the demulsification efficiency. However, the growth of aggregates and control of growth have not been understood during electrocoagulation process in which the aggregates are composed of coagulants, microbubbles and emulsified droplets of light oil. This subject will conduct microcosmic system, combine electrochemistry, hydromechanics and mass transfer theory and so on, and apply light scattering and microscopic high-speed photography, etc. It is aimed to study the growth process of aggregates within electrocoagulation reactor and sloshing effects, and further clarify the mechanism of oil removal in combination with oil removal performance. On this basis, the key factors affecting the growth of aggregates will be optimized, which is beneficial for artificial regulation of the aggregates during electrocoagulation process. This study belongs to a coupling question of multiphysics and multiphase, which obeys the development trend of basic research from the macro to the micro. It has a great theoretical value and scientific significance for a deeper understanding of the purification processes of light oil spill on the sea surface by electrocoagulation as well as a richer theory of aggregate growth and control.

结合“桑吉”轮碰撞燃爆事故，针对海洋环境下轻质油易燃易爆易乳化性对溢油应急处置提出的新挑战，亟需开发环保、高效、快速的轻质溢油处理技术。电絮凝作为环境友好型水处理技术，兼具电化学、絮凝和气浮等多种作用。申请人前期研究发现，生成性能良好的聚集体是其高效破乳的关键，但未见国内外对由絮凝体、乳化轻质油滴和微气泡组成的电絮凝聚集体生长与控制开展深入研究。鉴于此，本项目拟搭建聚集体微观观测实验系统，结合电化学、流体力学、传质学等相关理论，采用光散射与高速显微摄像等技术研究电絮凝聚集体生长的演化特征，阐明海面晃动对聚集体生长过程的影响规律，并结合除油性能揭示电絮凝除油机理；在此基础上优化影响聚集体生长的关键因素，实现对电絮凝聚集体的人为调控。本研究属于多相、多场耦合问题，符合基础研究从宏观向微观扩展，对加深电絮凝净化海面轻质溢油过程认识和丰富聚集体生长及控制理论，具有重要的理论价值和科学意义。

海洋环境下轻质油易燃易爆易乳化性对溢油应急处置提出了新的挑战，开发环保、高效、快速的轻质溢油处理技术具有重要意义。电絮凝作为环境友好型水处理技术，兼具电化学、絮凝和气浮等多种作用，其高效破乳的关键是生成性能良好的聚集体。本项目针对由絮凝体、乳化轻质油滴和微气泡组成的电絮凝聚集体的生长与控制方法展开系统研究。项目采用显微成像和图像分析等方法相结合对聚集体生长过程进行了研究，对聚集体形貌进行了表征，分析了电解时间、电流密度、极板布置、初始pH值、污水温度等参数对聚集体生长过程的影响规律，考察了不同晃动工况下聚集体平均粒径、分形维数、强度和再生性能，明确了电絮凝聚集体生长呈现明显的分形特征，分析了平均粒径和分形维数的关联规律，从定量角度获得气浮和沉降作用对电絮凝除油性能的贡献率，探究了电絮凝净化海面轻质溢油的除油机理；利用响应面多因素优化法，分别构建了聚集体除油率、强度和恢复因子的预测模型，获得关键操作参数的调控方案。本项目研究成果为将电絮凝用于海面轻质溢油应急处置提供了基础数据和技术。依托项目支持共标注项目论文4篇。其中SCI/EI检索4篇；申请国家专利2项；参加国内、外学术会议交流9人次；培养研究生5名。