梯级水库群协同调控驱动下流域水量水质联合配置研究

Water quality and water allocation is a strong move to realize the coordination of social economy and ecological environment, which is the frontiers and hot topic of water science research at home and abroadl . Use of cascade reservoir group of collaborative control ability to drive the river water quality joint configuration can improve effect of river basin water resources allocation. According to the cores, the influence rule of cascade reservoirs collaboration operation on the channel water quantity and quality is analyzed, and the equalization criterion of cascade reservoirs collaboration operation is presented oriented water quantity and quality joint allocation of river basin. Secondly, the dynamic coupling relations between the channel water quantity and quality in cascade reservoirs collaboration operation mode is studied based on the equilibrium criterion, and demand-supply gap between water demand and pollutant capacity is given based on the requirements of water demand and pollutant quantity. On this basis, the objective function and constrained conditions of river basin water quantity and quality joint allocation are determined. Then, a water quantity and quality joint allocation multi-objective model of river basin is built based on cascade reservoirs collaboration operation, whose objectives are minimizing demand-supply gap and maximizing pollutant capacity, and a multi-objective evolutionary solution method based on NSGAII framework is proposed with a non-inferior set given. Finally, water quantity and quality joint allocation evaluation system and fuzzy matter-element assessment model are built for plan optimization based on the non-inferior solution set, and the optimal water quantity and quality joint allocation plan are obtained. On the whole, the research provides a reasonable and effective way for the coordination of water resources utilization and ecological environment, which has both academic value significance and practical value.

水量水质联合调控是实现社会经济与生态环境协调发展的有力举措，是国内外水科学研究的前沿和热点之一。运用梯级水库群的协同调控能力来驱动流域水量水质联合配置可提升流域水资源配置效果。围绕这一核心，首先探求不同梯级水库群协同调度方式对不同河段可供水量和可纳污量的影响规律，提出面向流域水量水质联合配置的梯级水库群协同调度均衡准则；进而，结合河道外需水和排污量要求，定量给出河道水量与纳污量供需缺口，确定流域水量水质联合配置目标和约束条件；然后，以流域水量供需平衡缺口最小、可纳污量最大为目标，建立基于梯级水库群协同调控的流域水量水质联合配置多目标模型，提出基于NSGAII框架的多目标求解方法，得到非劣方案解集；最后，构建水量水质联合配置评价指标体系和模糊物元评价模型，进行方案评价优选，获得最优水量水质联合配置方案，为水资源合理利用和生态环境的协调发展提供有效的解决方法，具有一定的理论意义和实践价值。

水资源合理利用与分配问题是影响国家用水安全的重大问题。我国人口占全世界的1/5，水资源总量却仅占全球6%，人均水资源量只有全球人均的28%，主要存在资源性缺水、工程性缺水、水质性缺水和水资源供需矛盾等问题，难以支撑经济社会的可持续发展对水资源的巨大需求。水质水量联合调控是实现社会经济与生态环境协调发展的有力举措，是国内外水科学研究的前沿和热点之一。以抚河流域为例，分析了梯级水库群协同调度方式分别对河道水量和水质的影响规律，提出了面向流域水量水质联合配置的梯级水库群协同调度均衡准则；基于该均衡准则探究梯级水库群协同调控模式下河道内水量与水质间的动态耦合关系，定量给出了河道水量与纳污量供需缺口，确定流域水量水质联合配置目标和约束条件；以流域水量供需平衡缺口最小、可纳污量最大为目标，建立了基于梯级水库群协同调控的流域水量水质联合配置多目标模型和高效求解方法；构建了水量水质联合配置评价指标体系和评价模型，对非劣方案解集进行方案评价优选，获得最优水量水质联合配置方案，提升了枯水期抚河流域日常水量调度管理能力、突发水污染及特殊干旱事件的应急水资源调度能力。研发了抚河流域水量调度决策支持系统，对解决抚河流域枯水期用水矛盾、保护河流和湖泊生态环境健康提供重要支撑。