断层构造和冲击倾向性耦合诱发冲击地压机理研究

The sudden change of mining induced stress, instant energy release and even coal burst could be frequently induced by the instability of geological structure during the extraction of burst proneness coal masses. The key scientific issues of this study are to obtain the critical condition of fault reactivation and investigate the mechanism of coal burst induced by the combination of fault and burst proneness. In this study, the relationship between mesoscopic composition and the burst proneness index is analyzed. The mechanism of macroscopic-mesoscopic transformation of burst proneness coal masses during the load of macroscopic stress is discussed. Based on the investigation of geological environment of large scale fault, minor fault, normal fault and reverse fault, the characteristic of dynamic fault slip, distribution of shear stress on the fault plane and fault deformation field are studied to identify the influence of fault type on fault reactivation. In addition, the full-seam mining, coal caving mining and slice mining are employed to study the influence of mining methods on the fault reactivation. The mining induced stress is also simulated during the extraction of high, low and none burst proneness coal masses under the existence of fault structure. The visco-elasticity and visco- plasticity model of fault plane are established to analyze the relationship of fault shear stress and deformation and contribution factors and obtain the critical condition of fault reactivation. Based on these investigation, the distribution of strain energy is studied during the dynamic fault slip. Moreover, the sensitive parameters of coal burst are confirmed and the mechanism of coal burst induced by the combination of fault and burst proneness is revealed.

开采扰动下地质构造失稳将诱发冲击倾向性煤体采动应力突变、能量释放激增和冲击地压。项目在探索断层切应力和变形突变诱发断层活化的临界条件以及断层和冲击倾向性耦合诱发冲击地压机理的两个关键科学问题的基础上，分析煤体细观组分含量与冲击倾向性鉴定指标之间的对应关系，研究宏观应力作用下冲击倾向性煤体细观结构及裂隙分布的演化机理；探索全矿区大断层、工作面小断层、正断层和逆断层等地质环境对断层动态滑移、断层滑动面切应力和变形场的影响特征；研究一次采全高、放顶煤开采和分层开采等开采方式对断层活化的作用机制；分析强冲击、弱冲击、无冲击等冲击倾向性因素对断层赋存条件下工作面采动应力的影响机制；建立断层面粘弹性和粘塑性理论模型，推导断层面切应力和变形与其影响因素之间的微分方程，研究断层面滑动过程中变形能的时空演化规律，确定断层活化的临界条件，分析诱发冲击地压的敏感参数，揭示断层和冲击倾向性耦合诱发冲击地压的机理。

项目建立了考虑采动影响的断层构造力学模型和相似模型，推导了断层面滑动位移的逐点积分方法，提出了表征断层滑动与摩擦相关性的断层结构势能概念，分析了开采扰动下断层面位移场、应力场、能量场和温度场的动态演化规律，系统阐述了断层构造失稳的多物理场特征；项目建立了基于 weibull分布的煤岩数值模型，分析了煤岩均质度对单轴抗压强度、弹性能指数、冲击能指数和动态破坏时间等冲击倾向性指标的影响规律，描述了煤岩非均质物理力学特性与冲击倾向性的相关性；项目建立了地质构造几何形态、应力场演化和裂隙场可视化数据库，研究了工作面高应力环境致灾机理、断层构造和上覆厚层顶板耦合诱冲特征以及采动诱发断层覆岩耦合失稳的突变效应。. 项目研究成果在国内外学术期刊上发表论文19篇，其中SCI检索论文7篇（JCR1区3篇，JCR2区1篇，JCR3区2篇，JCR4区1篇），EI检索6篇（国家卓越期刊5篇、高质量科技T1类期刊1篇）；出版专著1部；申请发明专利6件、实用新型专利4件、软件著作权1件，其中授权发明专利4件、实用新型专利4件、软件著作权1件；资助期间，项目负责人晋升教授职称，获全国徐芝纶力学优秀教师奖1项，中国煤炭工业协会杰出青年科技工作者1项，教育部高等学校科学研究优秀成果奖（科学技术）二等奖1项，中国职业安全健康协会科学技术奖一等奖1项；项目共资助博士研究生6名、硕士研究生30名、本科生10名。其中，获得博士学位的研究生1名、硕士学位的研究生16名、本科生10名；1名研究生获得“博士研究生国家奖学金”，1名本科生获得“北京市普通高等学校优秀本科生毕业设计（论文）”。. 项目研究成果可为国内类似矿井冲击地压灾害源头防治、区域环境治理、资源综合利用等方面提供科学依据和数据支撑。