构造与巨厚砾岩耦合诱发回采巷道冲击地压致灾机理研究

The aims of this study are to quantitatively determinate the correlation between syncline, faults, ultra-thick conglomerate and the coal bump, based on the physical similarity model and the 3D visual numerical model which is established by the method filed detection of tectonic and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling induced, study on fissures and spatial distribution of morphological characteristics under syncline, faults and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling conditions in mining roadway, obtained crossfeed mechanism which is stress field, energy field and displacement field under syncline, faults and ultra-thick conglomerate in mining roadway; discovered transfer of stress field , accumulation of energy field , extended of plastic zone and temporal evolution of displacement field, which is under syncline, faults and ultra-thick conglomerate in mining roadway; the space-time evolution characteristics of energy accumulation, propagation, conversion and release of surrounding rocks are investigated under the coupling of complex tectonic stress and mining induced stress, the nonlinear mechanics process of stable accumulation and unstable release of roadway surrounding energy is also a major concern of this study, the dynamic response characteristics is explored by the dynamic loading influence under tectonic and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling in mining roadway, the disaster-causing mechanism is revealed of coal bump in mining roadway, the anti-scour support system is proposed under tectonic and ultra-thick conglomerate coupling in mining roadway. This study has scientific significance and value engineering guidance on improving the disaster-causing mechanism of coal bump and the safety of coal mining.

本项目旨在定量描述向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩与回采巷道围岩冲击失稳的相关性及作用机制，通过地质探测建立构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下工作面岩层物理相似模型和三维可视化数值模型，研究向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道围岩裂隙发育特征及空间展布形态，得到向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩对回采巷道围岩应力场、能量场和位移场的互馈影响机制；发现向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩耦合诱发回采巷道冲击地压时围岩应力场转移、能量场积聚、塑性区扩展和位移场时空演化规律；研究复杂构造应力场与采动应力场耦合作用下工作面煤岩体能量积聚、传递、转化与释放的时空特征和演化规律，阐明巷道围岩能量的稳定态积聚和非稳定态释放的非线性力学过程，探索动载影响构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道围岩工程动力响应特征，揭示回采巷道冲击地压致灾机理，提出构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道防冲支护体系。本研究对完善冲击地压致灾机理及煤炭安全开采具有科学意义和工程指导价值。

本项目采用了现场探测、实验室实验、相似模拟试验、数值计算、力学分析及现场应用相结合的研究方法，定量描述了向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩与回采巷道围岩冲击失稳的相关性及作用机制，建立了构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下工作面岩层物理相似模型和三维可视化数值模型，研究了向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道围岩裂隙发育特点及空间展布形态，得到了向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩对回采巷道围岩应力场、能量场和位移场的互馈影响机制；发现了向斜、断层和巨厚砾岩耦合诱发回采巷道冲击地压时围岩应力场转移、能量场积聚、塑性区扩展和位移场时空演化规律；研究了复杂构造应力场与采动应力场耦合作用下工作面煤岩体能量积聚、传递、转化与释放的时空特征和演化规律，分析了巷道围岩能量的稳定态积聚和非稳定态释放的非线性力学过程；建立了构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道围岩冲击失稳力学模型，探索了构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道围岩工程动力响应特征，揭示了回采巷道冲击地压致灾机理，发现了回采巷道一级支护（锚杆支护体系）、二级支护（U型钢联合支护体系）、三级支护（强力柔性防冲支护体系）三种支护方式对围岩冲击特性的影响规律，提出了构造与巨厚砾岩耦合条件下回采巷道防冲支护体系，指导了现场工程的实际应用。本研究对完善冲击地压致灾机理及煤炭安全开采具有科学意义和工程指导价值。