中国蜈蚣藻属（红藻门）的分类修订研究

The genus Grateloupia,widely distributed in temperate、 subtropic or tropical waters, is the largest order of the Halymeniales of the Rhodophyta . Due to many variations in external feature of many species difficult to classify, the taxonomy position for many species in the genus Grateloupia are still not established and no proper classification system was established, the genus Grateloupia is regarded as one of the most controversial order in Rhodophyta. This study will take the research routine on the genus Grateloupia, from morphological.characteristics, comparative anatomy, carpogonial branch ampullae, auxiliary -cell ampullae , the type of life history and polyphasic characterization toward reaching the natural taxonomic system in the genus. The features on carpogonial branch ampullae and auxiliary -cell ampullae number and type should be regarded as the main breakthrough point to reevaluate taxonomic revision and clearup of the genus Grateloupia, and finally different molecular marker means and methods including molecular systematics, comparative genomics by rbcL、COI、UPA genes will bring addition modern bioinformation. The objective of the research results will be clear the taxonomic positions of varieties, the new species, new record and new combinations will be determined, proper, scientific classification system of the genus Grateloupia will be established. It is hoped that the results of this study will provide in-depth discussions about relationship among differene taxa groups of Rhodophyta, particularly for providing the basis for diversification mechanisms in the family of Halymeniaceae. In addition,further knowledge on Rhodophyta resources will be expected to be obtained through the study, the management of germplasm resources and sustainable development can be therefore reinforced.

蜈蚣藻属（Grateloupia）是红藻门海膜目海膜科最大的属，广泛分布于我国暖温带、亚热带和热带沿海。该属很多种外部形态变异很大，种的区分和鉴定很困难，很多种的分类地位还未确定，还没有建立一个科学的分类系统，被专家学者认为是最有争议的属。本研究将结合形态特征、比较解剖、果胞生殖枝丛、助细胞生殖枝丛、生活史的类型等多相特征以及比较的研究线路，其中果胞生殖枝丛、助细胞生殖枝丛的细胞数量和类型为主要切入点，来重新进行蜈蚣藻属的分类学修订和整理，最后用rbcL、COI和UPA等分子标记的分子系统学分析来检测分类修订的结果。本项目的研究结果将明确各种的分类学位置，确定新种、新纪录种和新组合，建立更加妥当、科学的蜈蚣藻属的分类系统。将为深入探讨红藻植物各类群间的关系，特别是海膜科内的红藻的分化机制提供理论基础，为深层认识、保护、种质资源管理及可持续利用我国的红藻资源最重要的信息。

本项目研究严格按照项目计划进行并超额完成任务。从2016年1月到2019年12月对我国各地沿海分布的蜈蚣藻属海藻进行了全面、系统的采集。对有疑问的种的形态、结构、生殖器官的构造等进行了比较研究；对部分种类的生活史进行了研究，明确了孢子的萌发类型，追踪了生活史各个阶段的变化。对采集到的所有种类进行DNA提取，对rbcL、COI等基因序列进行了分析，建立了系统树。研究结果如下：发现了5个新种： 齿状蜈蚣藻（Grateloupia serra H.W.Wang sp.nov.）、短枝蜈蚣藻 （G.spursa H.W.Wang sp.nov）、南麂蜈蚣藻（G. nanjiensis H. W. Wang sp. nov.）、寡枝蜈蚣藻（G. oligoclora H. W. Wang sp. nov）、暂未定名一种。1个中国新记录种：台湾蜈蚣藻(G. taiwanensis S.M. Lin et H.Y. Liang)。对《中国海藻志》中记载的7个种进行了修订：①对枝蜈蚣藻修订为亚栉状蜈蚣藻的同物异名、②帚状蜈蚣藻修订为亚洲蜈蚣藻的同物异名、③青岛蜈蚣藻和④伞形蜈蚣藻修订为亚栉状蜈蚣藻的同物异名、⑤聚果蜈蚣藻修订为亚洲蜈蚣藻的同物异名、⑥缢基蜈蚣藻修订为亚洲蜈蚣藻的同物异名、⑦披针形蜈蚣藻修订为披针形拟厚膜藻的同物异名。此外对披针形蜈蚣藻、大连蜈蚣藻、缢基蜈蚣藻、亚洲蜈蚣藻早期发育和生活史进行了研究；研究结果丰富了我国蜈蚣藻属红藻的多样性，修订了一些疑问种类，建立了更为科学的蜈蚣藻属的分类系统，在我国处于领先水平，为我国海藻资源的科学开发利用及种质保存提供了理论依据。.共完成研究成果20个，已在国内外核心杂志上发表论文9篇，两篇处于修改后接受阶段。其余研究成果正在整理、撰写、投稿中。