面向列车运行安全控制的列车卫星定位自主完好性监测关键问题研究

Train operation control is a key factor to guarantee the safety of railway operation. The satellite navigation-based train control has a remarkable predominance in cost-effectiveness, and it has been an important trend for the modernization development of railway transportation and the implementation of new generation train control systems. The autonomous integrity monitoring in train positioning is a core issue to realize the satellite navigation-based train positioning and train operation control. In this project, based on the safety requirement of train operation control, some key scientific issues for autonomous integrity monitoring are summarized corresponding to the fundamental information, core processing logics and performance evaluation. Accordingly, research and innovation are planned to be performed concerning the optimized information fusion for the integration of satellite navigation and assistant information sources, the multi-stage integrity monitoring method for train integrated positioning, and the integrity risk evaluation for train safety control. Based on that, a complete method system will be achieved for applying satellite navigation technology in train positioning. The prospective results of this project will provide effective solutions to the corresponding technical problems in this field, greatly promote the implementation of our BeiDou Navigation Satellite System (BDS) in railway train control and other safety-related areas, achieve independent innovations and core competitiveness, and improve the intelligence and independence in the development of railway transportation systems.

列车运行控制系统是保障铁路行车安全的核心因素，基于卫星导航实现列车运行控制在成本效益方面具有显著优势，是铁路系统智能化以及新型列控系统用于铁路系统建设发展的重要趋势。在列车定位自身过程实施自主完好性监测，是将卫星导航用于列车定位以及列车运行控制并确保安全的关键问题。本课题从列控系统对卫星导航实现列车定位的安全需求出发，在自主完好性监测的基础信息、核心逻辑、性能评估等方面挖掘关键科学问题，针对性地在多源信息辅助卫星导航的列车定位优化融合、列车定位完好性状态的多级自主监测、面向列车控制安全的定位完好性风险评估等方面开展研究并取得创新，为列车卫星定位的自主完好性监测形成完整的方法体系。课题成果将有效突破卫星导航用于列车控制等铁路安全领域的技术难题，促进我国北斗导航系统在铁路列车控制技术领域取得自主创新和核心竞争力，有效服务于铁路运输系统的自主化、智能化发展。

卫星导航系统与技术的迅猛发展，为采用卫星定位实现自主、高效的新型列车控制系统提供了重要机遇。然而，将卫星定位引入具有安全苛求特征的列车控制系统，需面临卫星空间信号可用性、定位服务质量动态性、评估体系差异性等问题带来的挑战。本项目从自主完好性监测这一主题入手，从定位信息融合处理、自主完好性监测计算、定位安全评估三个层次，逐步由信息利用、特征识别向整体评估递进，深入研究了高完好性列车定位所需的相关方法。项目研究工作取得的主要成果可概括为三个方面：1）提出了适于列车运行特征的多源信息融合方法，分别基于轨道空间约束、鲁棒性优化、非高斯统计条件形成了改进的融合算法；2）提出了列车定位多级自主完好性监测机制，通过“离线可用性预测-在线局域化监测”、“传感器输入-卫星定位解算-多传感器融合”两条路线的集成形成了多级一体化监测方法；3）提出了面向列车控制的定位安全评估方法，基于虚拟应答器等卫星定位接口形式，构建了定位安全风险分析框架及RAMS指标的映射与评估方案。项目研究与专用终端研制、铁路现场试验紧密协同，为将卫星导航系统引入列车定位与列车控制系统提供了方法支持及前期验证，对促进我国北斗卫星导航系统在轨道交通领域的应用及下一代列车控制系统装备的自主化发展具有积极意义。