超疏水微胶囊的可控制备及其添加型多功能智能涂层研究

The multifunctional smart coatings based on containers containing functional reagent is one of most popular research topics in the field of materials science currently. Despite that the existing nanocontainers-based coatings system has been partly endowed multiple functions, but some shortcomings in the preparation, collection, storage, load, and seal for nanocontainers greatly limit its practical application. In order to solve this issue, one-pot controllable method will be proposed to prepare superhydrophobic microcapsules (MCs) as the containers which encapsulate diversified functional liquids, and the application of MCs in the field of multifunctional smart coatings will be developed. By using highly reactive, volatile, and hydrophobic liqiud chemicals as core materials, the superhydrophobic MCs with low surface free energy and hierarchical micro/nano structure on surface will be prepared controllably via a simple and flexible in-situ polymerization in oil-in-water emulsion. Through characterizing structures, analysing properties, exploring froming mechanisms of MCs and their properties, the control and adjustion of the MCs’ strcuture will be achieved, the quantitative and qualitative structure-property relationship will be established, and the overall performances of MCs will be optimized. By conventional coating methods, the multifunctional smart coatings (self-healing, self-cleaning, antiicing, anti-adhesion, etc.) based on our MCs will be constructed on different substrates, and their properties will be investigated. Through the above-mentioned studies, it will be expected to provide some references for the design and research of other functionalized capsules and lay the scientific foundation for the high performance of the next-generation smart materials based on MCs. Therefore, this project not only has theoretical significance but also application prospect.

基于含功能试剂的容器的多功能智能涂层是目前材料学领域研究的热点之一。现有基于纳米容器的涂层体系实现了一定的多功能性，但其在制备、收集、储存、负载、密封等方面的不足极大地限制了其实际应用。为了解决这一问题，提出了一锅法可控地制备超疏水微胶囊——作为封装多类功能液体的容器，并拓展其在多功能智能涂层领域的应用。采用高反应性、易挥发、疏水的液态化合物作为芯材，在水包油乳液中经原位聚合可控制备表面自由能低且具有微/纳米多级结构的超疏水微胶囊。从微胶囊的结构表征、性能分析、形成机理、各性能作用的微观机制研究，实现其结构的可调控性，建立其结构与性能之间的定量定性关系，优化其综合性能。通过涂覆法在不同基底上制备基于该微胶囊的多功能智能涂层（自修复、自清洁、抗冰、抗黏附等），研究其性能。为其他功能胶囊的设计和研究提供借鉴，为下一代微胶囊基智能材料的高性能化研究奠定基础。本研究既具有理论意义又具有应用前景。

本项目研究内容为设计制备含功能芯材的超疏水聚合物微胶囊及其在多功能智能涂层等方面的应用。在获得国家自然科学基金资助后，针对前期实验设计中的关键科学问题进行了重点研究。成功制备了一系列具有不同化学结构和微观结构的含各种功能芯材（湿气敏感、光可聚合或相变等）的超疏水聚合物微胶囊，系统研究了通过各种条件如预聚条件、乳化条件、原位聚合条件等调控微胶囊的结构与形貌。获得了微胶囊结构，特别是微观结构参数与微胶囊性能之间的定性定量关系，通过结构调控实现了微胶囊储存稳定性、热稳定性、超疏水性等各性能的控制。提出了微胶囊具有优异性能的微观机制。在金属、石膏等基底材料上通过简单涂覆或直接复合，制备了同时兼具自修复与自清洁、自修复与相变储能功能的智能涂层等复合材料，研究了复合材料的各种性能。本项目还进一步将研究中所涉及的微-纳多级表面结构构筑以及核-壳包覆的策略引入到其它多功能表面与复合材料体系中，取得了原创性的研究结果。研究取得了理想的实验结果，达到了研究目的，完成了计划书的目标。通过以上研究，为其他功能性微/纳米胶囊的设计和研究提供方法和理论借鉴，为下一代微胶囊添加型智能材料的高性能化研究打下良好基础。 .基于上述研究，以第一及通讯作者共发表项目标注SCI论文4篇（第一标注3篇、第二标注1篇），其中影响因子3.0以上的3篇，影响因子5.0以上的2篇；获授权中国发明专利3项。参加重要国际会议7次，并作邀请报告2次、口头报告1次；在项目支持下，与所在课题组其他教师合作研究和培养研究生，共培养博士研究生2名，硕士研究生3名，其中3名已获得相应学位。以上成果基本达到或超过了预期研究目标。