连续流单污泥系统反硝化除磷的稳定维持与污泥种群优化机制

Denitrifying phosphorus removal is a novel process for nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater. In comparison with conventional biological phosphorus removal, denitrifying phosphorus removal lead to a considerable savings in aeration energy and the amount of carbon sources needed for denitrification as well as lower sludge production. In recent years, the technology has received the widespread attention, and there are many research results in reports. However, very limited research has been performed in a continuous-flow system treating domestic wastewater and control strategies aim to sludge population optimization is very scarcely. In this project, a novel process named modified SFA2/O（Step-Feed Anaerobic/Anoxic/Oxic) will be adopted and the occurrence and stabilization of denitrifying phosphorus removal will be investigated. Based on the lab-scale experiment, the key parameters affecting the denitrifying phosphorus removal will be abstracted and the relationship between key parameters and microbial population structure will be established furthermore. We suggest that the community control strategies should be a direct objective for the long-term stabilization of microbial community structure and improve the system ability to resist the shock loadings.The main research contents are as follows: (1) find the factors affect the denitrifying phosphorus removal in sing-sludge system will be investigated; (2)experimentally analyze the feasible control strategies for long-term stabilization of denitrifying phosphorus removal in full-scale wastewater treatment plant. (3) establish the couple relationship between denitrifying phosphorus removal control strategies and deep nitrogen strategies based on sludge population optimization. We hope that the research results will provide the theoretical support and technical reference for deep nitrogen and phosphorus removal in full-scale wastewater treatment plant.

反硝化除磷工艺技术是一种高效的污水脱氮除磷新技术。与传统生物除磷相比，具有曝气能耗低，节省反硝化所需碳源及降低污泥产量的优势。近年来，该技术受到广泛关注，并有诸多研究成果见于报道。但是，在连续流单污泥系统中如何实现并长期稳定维持反硝化除磷，以及如何建立以污泥种群优化控制为目的的过程控制策略还缺少相关的基础研究。本研究拟采用改良型连续流分段进水深度脱氮除磷工艺(SFA2/O)处理城市污水，通过实验室规模的试验，提取强化该工艺反硝化除磷性能的关键控制参数，建立控制参数变化规律同微生物种群结构变化的相关关系，进而实现以微生物种群优化为目的过程控制。主要研究内容：（1）强化单污泥系统反硝化除磷影响因素研究；（2）全规模水厂反硝化除磷的长期稳定维持策略研究；（3）基于污泥种群优化的深度脱氮与反硝化除磷智能控制策略的耦合。研究结果可为城市污水处理厂实现深度脱氮除磷及节能降耗提供理论支持和技术参考

反硝化除磷是一种高效的污水脱氮除磷新技术和前沿科学问题之一。和传统方法相比，具有曝气能耗低，节省反硝化所需碳源及降低污泥产量的优势。但目前关于反硝化除磷的研究多针对模拟废水，并以双污泥或者间歇式工艺为主，而在常温条件下，针对低C/N生活污水，在连续流单污泥系统中实现反硝化除磷并协同深度脱氮的研究难度非常大，报道也相对较少。因此，本研究具有重要的基础理论研究意义，并具有广阔的应用前景。.本课题采用改良A2/O分段进水（SFA2/O）工艺处理低C/N 比（平均C/N为3.0左右）实际生活污水，在深度脱氮基础上，研究强化除磷及反硝化除磷的优化控制策略。试验将分子生物学分析方法与化学分析想结合，对菌群的动态变化进行分析，明确污泥种群优化机制。并在大量试验的基础上，通过把SFA2/O分段进水工艺可行的优化控制策略进行耦合，形成模糊控制策略规则和专家系统知识，从而为该工艺的实际运行提供参考。在执行期内，所有工作按计划完成，并在一些方面超计划完成任务。.课题开展的重要研究有：（1）关键控制参数，如流量分配比，曝气量，污泥回流比，体积分配比等对强化除磷及反硝化除磷的影响；（2）对工艺结构进行改进，研究不同运行模式对强化深度脱氮及除磷影响，在稳定深度脱氮基础上强化反硝化除磷；（3）进行了反硝化除磷稳定性研究，并通过将优化过程控制策略应用于运行，系统的反硝化除磷性能逐渐增强，聚磷菌所占比例逐步提高；（4）通过将深度脱氮优化策略与强化除磷，尤其是反硝化除磷优化策略进行耦合，使得工艺在节能降耗方面的优势进一步提升。研究结果极大地丰富了污水处理领域，并可为城市污水处理厂实现深度脱氮除磷及节能降耗提供理论支持和技术参考。