基于MIMO雷达的海面成像和信息反演理论与方法

With the development of marine science and technology in China, real-time observation and imaging of the sea surface and extraction of information contained in sea currents and waves are of great significance for national defense, shipping, port and offshore oil platform construction, and ocean pollution prevention and so on. Due to the limitation of the complexity of electromagnetic scattering model and ship space conditions, there is little literature to carry out research on MIMO radar imaging technology for the sea, this project is put forward to carry out systematic research on the theory and method of sea imaging and information retrieval based on MIMO radar. MIMO radar with minimum redundancy array structure is first designed to obtain optimal performance and meet the requirements of ships. Then MIMO radar electromagnetic scattering model is established, low complexity and high resolution imaging algorithm is proposed to solve the sea target imaging problems. At last, information retrieval methods of sea currents and waves are studied. The current velocity, wave period, wave height and direction information are extracted effectively, which solve the application requirements of ship. The research results of this project have important theoretical significance and practical value for promoting the practical process of shipborne MIMO radar in complex environment.

随着我国海洋科学技术的发展，对海面进行实时观测成像并提取其中包含的海流海浪等信息对于国防、航运、港口和海上石油平台建设以及海洋污染防治等具有重要的意义。由于海面电磁散射模型的复杂性和舰船空间条件限制，鲜有文献开展基于MIMO雷达的海面成像技术研究，本项目提出系统性的开展基于MIMO雷达的海面成像和海流海浪信息反演理论与方法研究。设计MIMO雷达最小冗余阵列结构，利用有限的物理阵元获得最优的成像效果，满足舰艇有限空间的使用要求；建立MIMO雷达海面电磁散射模型，提出低复杂度、高分辨率的海面成像算法，解决海面大场景目标成像问题；研究基于MIMO雷达的海流和海浪信息反演方法，提取出海流的流速流向、海浪的波高、波向和周期等有效信息，解决舰艇对海流、海浪等环境参数的实时探测和海洋表层环境的综合应用需求。本项目的研究成果对于推动舰载MIMO雷达在复杂环境下的实用化进程具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。

海面是人类研究与利用海洋的基本途径和主要场所，对海面进行实时观测成像并提取其中海面信息对于国防、航运、港口和海上石油平台建设以及海洋污染防治等具有重要的意义。项目主要围绕MIMO雷达海面成像的若干关键技术展开研究，提出了一种低冗余度MIMO雷达阵列结构设计方法，并给出了发射阵元数与接收阵元数的分配准则，在总的阵元数目给定的条件下具有最大的孔径长度；提出了基于脉冲压缩与波束合成的改进型MIMO雷达BP成像方法，在几乎不损失成像性能的同时，极大地提高了运算效率；建立了基于双尺度方法的海面后向散射截面分布图，将海面电磁散射模型与MIMO雷达成像系统相结合，模拟了MIMO雷达的海面场景成像结果；针对传统的傅里叶变换方法对非平稳、非均匀的海浪信号处理难以取得精确的波高估计结果，提出了一种基于独立成分分析法的海浪有效波高反演算法。本项目的研究成果对于推动舰载MIMO雷达在复杂环境下的实用化进程具有重要的理论意义和实用价值。